On wear of 3D printed Al2O3 reinforced Nylon6 matrix based functional prototypes

Singh, Rupinder; Kumar, Sudhir; Bedi, Piyush; Hashmi, M.S.J.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.097

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…As a matrix polymer, PA6 was selected due to its chemical resistance, 34 low density, 35 good printability with FFF, 29 availability for fiber reinforcement, 36 and impact strength 34 . Typically, PA6 can be formed through the ring‐opening polymerization of caprolactam, which includes carbon atoms (six atoms) in its repetitive body.…”

Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They asserted that volume loss values diminished from 4 mm 3 to 3.5 mm 3 following the graphene mixing and average friction coefficient values went down 0.2. Singh et al 29 obtained Al 2 O 3 ‐filled Nylon6 filaments via a single screw extrusion technique for the FFF method and emphasized that dual particle size added specimens had superior wear properties than the others. Prusinowski et al 30 analyzed the effect of the tribological test environment on the wear properties of additively manufactured continuous CF‐reinforced ABS polymer composites and revealed that kinematic friction coefficient values (detected between 0.50 and 0.25) were lower in the water environment than those of the air environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wear performance of short fiber added polyamide composites produced by additive manufacturing: Combined impacts of secondary heat treatment, reinforcement type, and test force

Bolat,

Ergene

2024

Polymer Composites

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In recent years, the number of studies focusing on the additive manufacturing has increased seriously to elucidate the critical points such as physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Contrary to common trends and for the first time in the literature, this experimental endeavor aims to comprehend the combined impact of reinforcement type and heat treatment on the wear features of additively manufactured polyamide 6 (PA6) composites. As reinforcement materials, glass, and carbon fibers were utilized and all samples were created through the fused filament fabrication. Half of the samples were subjected to annealing treatment after the main production, and characterization works were performed using a fused emission scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanic analysis. From the outcomes, it is seen that heat treatment has a positive effect on the hardness, and wear resistance of the composites. Besides, glass fiber‐reinforced samples display lower friction coefficient and lower volume loss results than other samples. For all samples, secondary annealing causes a positive impact on wear endurance in most cases. On the other side, the wear mechanism of the tested samples changes with the test force level and reinforcement type. At lower test forces, abrasive wear‐induced debris parts are detected on the deformed surfaces of PA6 and carbon‐added samples, but this case is opposite for the highest force of 40 N.Highlights Additive manufacturing was underlined as a promising way to create polymer composites with high dimensional accuracy. The combined effect of secondary annealing and reinforcement type on the wear resistance of 3D‐printed PA6 composites was examined for the first time in the literature. Carbon and glass fibers were compared to explore their effect on friction coefficient and wear behavior of polymer composite samples produced via FFF technology. Hardness and surface roughness measurements were used to comprehend the dry sliding wear results. Depending on the increasing test force levels and reinforcement type, deformation, and abrasion mechanisms were analyzed.

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Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wear performance of short fiber added polyamide composites produced by additive manufacturing: Combined impacts of secondary heat treatment, reinforcement type, and test force

Bolat,

Ergene

2024

Polymer Composites

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“…Results can conclude that the change in the equipment design causes an increase in the load caring capacity and stability at the high temp. Singh et al (2019) are mixed the Nylon, and ABS with the different kinds of aluminum oxide particles as single, dual and triple particle size as reinforcement and the wear samples are fabricated on the FDM 3D printer. The results conclude that dual particle size reinforced pin exhibits wear properties compared to triple and single-particle reinforced pins.…”

Section: Background Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A physical investigation of dimensional and mechanical characteristics of 3D printed nut and bolt for industrial applications

Chand

Sharma

Trehan

et al. 2022

RPJ

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Purpose A nut bolt joint is a primary device that connects mechanical components. The vibrations cause bolted joints to self-loosen. Created by motors and engines, leading to machine failure, and there may be severe safety issues. All the safety issues and self-loosen are directly and indirectly the functions of the accuracy and precision of the fabricated nut and bolt. Recent advancements in three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies now allow for the production of intricate components. These may be used technologies such as 3D printed bolts to create fasteners. This paper aims to investigate dimensional precision, surface properties, mechanical properties and scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the component fabricated using a multi-jet 3D printer. Design/methodology/approach Multi-jet-based 3D printed nut-bolt is evaluated in this paper. More specifically, liquid polymer-based nut-bolt is fabricated in sections 1, 2 and 3 of the base plate. Five nuts and bolts are fabricated in these three sections. Findings Dimensional inquiry (bolt dimension, general dimensions’ density and surface roughness) and mechanical testing (shear strength of nut and bolt) were carried out throughout the study. According to the ISO 2768 requirements for the General Tolerances Grade, the nut and bolt’s dimensional examination (variation in bolt dimension, general dimensions) is within the tolerance grades. As a result, the multi-jet 3D printing (MJP)-based 3D printer described above may be used for commercial production. In terms of mechanical qualities, when the component placement moves from Sections 1 to 3, the density of the manufactured part decreases by 0.292% (percent) and the shear strength of the nut and bolt decreases by 30%. According to the SEM examination, the density of the River markings, sharp edges, holes and sharp edges increased from Sections 1 to 3, which supports the findings mentioned above. Originality/value Hence, this work enlightens the aspects causing time lag during the 3D printing in MJP. It causes variation in the dimensional deviation, surface properties and mechanical properties of the fabricated part, which needs to be explored.

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“…The most widely and frequently utilized materials for FFF were also the subject of numerous studies, investigating their tribological properties. Among such materials we can include acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], polyactic acid (PLA) [ 13 , 14 , 15 ], polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC-ABS) [ 16 ], polyamide (PA) [ 17 ], polyether ether ketone (PEEK) [ 18 ], and polyethersulfone (PES) [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Singh R. et al [ 17 ], Stated that the use of functional prototypes based on fused deposition modeling (FDM) for wear resistance applications is currently limited mainly due to selective availability of filament material. Several thermoplastic-based fillers have been reinforced by various research groups to improve mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research of the Pre-Processing Strategy Influence on the Tribological Properties of PEI Processed by Fused Filament Fabrication Technology

2023

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) layer generation strategies on abrasive wear resistance and compare the material loss of PEI (polyetherimide) plastic specimens based on different specimen building strategies. The study also compares a newly proposed path generation strategy (parallel paths in layers with 0.25 mm displacement of alternate layers) with samples from a previous study where samples were printed without displacement of alternate layers, i.e., layers stacked perpendicularly to each other. The primary focus was on the weight loss due to abrasive wear before and after the test. The tests were conducted on a tribometer constructed according to ASTM G65/16 standards using dry sand. Two printing directions were examined: X (longitudinal) and Z (portrait) orientations. For X construction, three orientations of deposition path generation were utilized, resulting in three samples for each orientation (nine samples in total for X construction). The same approach was applied to Z construction, resulting in another nine samples. In total, 18 samples were produced and tested. The deposited infill path width was 0.5 mm, and the layer thickness used in printing was 0.254 mm. Garnet abrasive Fe3Al2(SiO4)3 was employed in this test. Analysis of the experimental data revealed a relationship between the construction method (X and Z orientations) and the variation in different orientations (1X–3X and 1Z–3Z). The research results can be categorized as overall and partial. The overall results indicate poorer wear resistance for 1X–3X and 1Z–3Z specimens, while the partial results illustrate the findings within each individual specimen.

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On wear of 3D printed Al2O3 reinforced Nylon6 matrix based functional prototypes

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Wear performance of short fiber added polyamide composites produced by additive manufacturing: Combined impacts of secondary heat treatment, reinforcement type, and test force

Wear performance of short fiber added polyamide composites produced by additive manufacturing: Combined impacts of secondary heat treatment, reinforcement type, and test force

A physical investigation of dimensional and mechanical characteristics of 3D printed nut and bolt for industrial applications

Research of the Pre-Processing Strategy Influence on the Tribological Properties of PEI Processed by Fused Filament Fabrication Technology

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