On Your Feet!

Kruijff, Ernst; Marquardt, Alexander; Trepkowski, Christina; Lindeman, Robert W.; Hinkenjann, André; Maiero, Jens; Riecke, Bernhard E.

doi:10.1145/2983310.2985759

Cited by 67 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Indeed, the most experienced participants with VR tended to physically move their bodies the most on up/down, sideways, on rotation, and forward/backward. More exploration is needed in the use of interfaces that may be more universally intuitive or natural, such as leaning ( Riecke et al, 2005 ; Kruijff et al, 2016 ; Kitson et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are You Awed Yet? How Virtual Reality Gives Us Awe and Goose Bumps

2018

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“Awe” is a category of emotion within the spectrum of self-transcendent experiences. Awe has wellness benefits, with feelings of social interconnectivity and increased life satisfaction. However, awe experiences remain rare in our everyday lives, and rarer in lab environments. We posit that Virtual Reality (VR) may help to make self-transcendent and potentially transformative experiences of awe more accessible to individuals. Here, we investigated how interactive VR as a positive technology may elicit awe, and how features of aesthetic beauty/scale, familiarity, and personalization (self-selection of travel destinations) may induce awe. In this mixed-methods study, participants used an interactive VR system to explore Earth from ground and orbit. We collected: introspective interviews and self-report questionnaires with participants’ experience of awe; information on personality traits and gender; and we recorded physiological goose bumps on the skin (using an arm-mounted goose bump camera instrument), which is a documented marker of an awe experience. Results showed that on a scale of 0–100 for self-reported awe, four different interactive VR environments yielded an average awe rating of 79.7, indicating that interactive VR can indeed induce awe. 43.8% of participants experienced goose bumps: awe ratings positively correlated with the occurrence of goose bumps with those who experienced goose bumps having showed significantly higher ratings of awe than those who did not. Most (64%) of the goose bumps occurred when participants self-selected their VR environment. Participant statements from the interviews were characteristic of an awe-inspiring experience, revealed themes of social connection, and usability problems with the VR interface. Personality traits yielded no clear correlation to awe ratings, and females appear to experience more goose bumps than males. In summary: (1) Interactive VR can elicit awe, especially within familiar, self-selected environments; (2) Physiological goose bumps can be recorded to provide reliable, non-intrusive indications of awe; (3) Care must be taken to design interaction interfaces that do not impede awe; and (4) While personality traits are not correlated to awe ratings, goose bumps were experienced more frequently among females. We aim to conduct future studies using custom VR environments, interfaces, and additional physiological measures to provide further insight into awe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are You Awed Yet? How Virtual Reality Gives Us Awe and Goose Bumps

2018

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“…For example, Amemiya et al (2016) defined vection as a phenomenon "…the illusory perception of actual self-motion rather than the sensation of simply watching a moving world … and is strongly induced when the peripheral visual field is stimulated." However, some authors described the possibility of enhancing visually induced vection by multimodal stimulation (Kruijff et al, 2016;Riecke, Schulte-Pelkum, Caniard, et al, 2005) or that the perception of self-motion is a multisensory event (Oishi et al, 2016). Tinga et al (2018) described vection as "…the sensation of self-motion induced by moving sensory stimulation not corresponding to the veridical self motion."…”

Section: The Definition Of Vection and Participants' Task Instructionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants were instructed to rate their perceived self-motion during the stimulus presentation by entering a numeric value using a keyboard, a pressing a button (Farkhatdinov et al, 2013;Seno, Ogawa, et al, 2011), moving a joystick (Riecke, Schulte-Pelkum, Caniard, et al, 2005;Soave et al, 2020), or via verbal reports (Horie et al, 2018;Väljamäe et al, 2006Väljamäe et al, , 2009. However, in some studies, participants rated the magnitude or intensity after the stimulus present by means of a questionnaire (Feng et al, 2016;Kitazaki et al, 2019Kitazaki et al, , 2016Lind et al, 2016;Matsuda et al, 2020;Oishi et al, 2016), verbal report (Kruijff et al, 2016;Nilsson et al, 2012;Nordahl et al, 2012;Riecke et al, 2009;Tinga et al, 2018) or by entering a value using a keyboard (Amemiya et al, 2016(Amemiya et al, , 2013b(Amemiya et al, , 2013aSeno, Ogawa, et al, 2011). From these methods, subjective measures were derived which are discussed in more detail in the following section.…”

Section: The Definition Of Vection and Participants' Task Instructionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on The Use of Tactile Stimulation in Vection Research

Kooijman¹,

Asadi²,

Mohamed³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Vection is classically defined as the illusory perception of self-motion induced via visual stimuli. The utility of vection research lies in its potential to enhance simulation fidelity as measured through presence and reduce the probability that motion sickness symptoms occur through the identification of differences and similarities in physiological responses to vection and motion sickness. Recent studies have shown a multimodal interaction of various sensory systems in facilitating vection. Moreover, the utility of co-stimulating some of these sensory systems along with the presentation of visual stimuli have been reviewed. However, a review on the tactile mediation of vection appears to be missing from literature. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current methodologies, and utility of, tactile stimulation in vection research. We searched for articles through EBSCOHost, Scopus and Web of Science. Only studies were included wherein an experiment on the effect of tactile stimulation on human self-motion perception was detailed. Twenty-three studies were obtained and distilled in tabular form. The studies reviewed presented a strong variability in the a-priori definition of vection, methodological inhomogeneity, varying approaches to the assessment of subjective vection measures and a lack of objective measures. We discuss the need for more qualitative research to reduce methodological inhomogenities, recommend future research in tactile-mediated vection to investigate stimulation to the torso, and suggest further investigation into the utility of concurrently presenting different forms of tactile stimulation.

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“…Kitazaki et al (2019) demonstrated that foot vibrations that were synchronous to the oscillating actual optic flow induced not only the sensation of self-motion but also the sensations of walking, leg action, and telepresence. Kruijff et al (2016) demonstrated that walking-related vibrotactile cues on the feet, simulated head bobbing as a visual cue, and footstep sounds as auditory cues enhance vection and presence. Telepresence, one of the crucial factors in VR, refers to the perception of presence at a physically remote or simulated site (Draper et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Virtual Walking Sensation Using Self-Avatar in First-Person Perspective and Foot Vibrations

Matsuda

Nakamura

Amemiya

et al. 2021

Front. Virtual Real.

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Walking is a fundamental physical activity in humans. Various virtual walking systems have been developed using treadmill or leg-support devices. Using optic flow, foot vibrations simulating footsteps, and a walking avatar, we propose a virtual walking system that does not require limb action for seated users. We aim to investigate whether a full-body or hands-and-feet-only walking avatar with either the first-person (experiment 1) or third-person (experiment 2) perspective can convey the sensation of walking in a virtual environment through optic flows and foot vibrations. The viewing direction of the virtual camera and the head of the full-body avatar were linked to the actual user's head motion. We discovered that the full-body avatar with the first-person perspective enhanced the sensations of walking, leg action, and telepresence, either through synchronous or asynchronous foot vibrations. Although the hands-and-feet-only avatar with the first-person perspective enhanced the walking sensation and telepresence, compared with the no-avatar condition, its effect was less prominent than that of the full-body avatar. However, the full-body avatar with the third-person perspective did not enhance the sensations of walking and leg action; rather, it impaired the sensations of self-motion and telepresence. Synchronous or rhythmic foot vibrations enhanced the sensations of self-motion, waking, leg action, and telepresence, irrespective of the avatar condition. These results suggest that the full-body or hands-and-feet avatar is effective for creating virtual walking experiences from the first-person perspective, but not the third-person perspective, and that the foot vibrations simulating footsteps are effective, regardless of the avatar condition.

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On Your Feet!

Cited by 67 publications

References 44 publications

Are You Awed Yet? How Virtual Reality Gives Us Awe and Goose Bumps

Are You Awed Yet? How Virtual Reality Gives Us Awe and Goose Bumps

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on The Use of Tactile Stimulation in Vection Research

Enhancing Virtual Walking Sensation Using Self-Avatar in First-Person Perspective and Foot Vibrations

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