Oncogenic human papillomavirus genital infection in southern Iranian women: population-based study versus clinic-based data

Abstract

BackgroundEpidemiological studies on genital human papilloma viruses infection (HPVs) in general population are crucial for the implementation of health policy guidelines for developing the strategies to prevent the primary and secondary cervical cancer. In different parts of Iran, there is a lack of population-based studies to determine the prevalence of HPV in the general population. The aim of this population-based study is to compare the prevalence rate of genital HPV infection among reproductive women with our previous clinic-based data, which showed a prevalence rate of 5% in women in southern Iran.ResultsUsing general primers for all genotypes of HPV, of 799 randomly selected women, five (0.63%, 95% CI 0.23-1.55%) tested positive for HPV DNA. Overall, seven different HPV genotypes were detected: six types (16, 18, 31, 33, 51 and 56) were carcinogenic, or “high risk genotypes” and one genotype (HPV-66) was “probably carcinogenic.”ConclusionsIn a population-based study, the prevalence of HPV infection among southern Iranian women was lower than that observed worldwide. However, our gynaecological clinic-based study on the prevalence of HPV infection showed results comparable with other studies in the Middle East and Persian Gulf countries. Since gynaecological clinic-based data may generally overestimate HPV prevalence, estimates of prevalence according to clinic-based data should be adjusted downward by the population-based survey estimates.

Challenges of Providing Cervical Cancer Prevention Programs In Iran: A Qualitative Study

“…Many studies have shown conflicting results about requirement vaccination against HPV infection in Iran (Eghbali et al, 2012;Haghshenas et al, 2013). On the other hand insurance companies do not cover specific cancer screening tests and this is another challengeable issue in CCPP.…”

“…Most epidemiological data for HPV infection, cervical neoplasia, abnormal cervical cytology and normal Pap smears come from local studies in different hospitals or laboratory assays of different geographical areas. But in fact for the fulfillment of health policy strategies for the prevention of cervical cancer is required to the data on cervical cancer is collected in the general population (Eghbali et al, 2012).…”

Detection of Genital HPV Infection Using Urine Samples: a Population Based Study in India

“…A population based study conducted in Southern Iran revealed very low genital HPV prevalence of 0.6% and clinic based study from the same locality reported prevalence of 5% among women. Among 799 women in the age group of 21-50 years participated in the Iran study cervical samples from only 5 pregnant women were tested positive (Eghbali et al, 2012).…”

Urine test for HPV genotypes as a predictor of precancerous cervical lesions and for cervical cancer screening

“…HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative (water) controls were included in each run. The amplified products were visualized by electrophoresis on 2% agarose gels containing ethidium bromide (0.5 mg/mL) …”

“…4 However, few studies have correlated HPV DNA in urine with the pathologic effect of HPV on the cervix. 4,[11][12][13][14] The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sensitivity of the urine test for high-risk HPV DNA types in the detection of high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions and to correlate urine test data with pathologic precancerous lesions in Egypt.…”