“…In the last few decades, 1D, 2D, and 3D photonic crystals (PCs) and phononic crystals have been received extensive attention in sensing applications as a biochemical sensor, salinity sensor, and filters (El-Khozondar et al 2019 ; Arafa et al 2017 ; Beheiry et al 2010 ; Natesan et al 2018 ; Arunkumar et al 2019 ; Amiri et al 2019 ; Elsayed and Mehaney 2018 ; Zaky et al 2020 ; Abd El-Ghany et al 2020 ; Zaky and Aly 2020 ; Khateib et al 2020 ). The PCs are periodic structures of alternating dielectrics (Abd El-Ghany et al 2020 ; Aly and Elsayed 2012 ; Aly et al 2020a ; Aghajamali et al 2015 ; Nayak et al 2017 , 2018 , 2019 ; Guo et al 2020a ; Srivastava and A. J. J. O. S. Aghajamali, and N. Magnetism 2017 ; Shiri et al 2019 ; Zhou et al 2021 ), nanocomposites (Aly et al 2018a ), superconductors (Aly et al 2019 , 2018b ), or metal with different refractive indices in one, two or three directions (Yablonovitch 1987 ; Shaban et al 2017 ; Winn et al 1998 ). There is a forbidden region for a specific range of wavelengths in a propagated electromagnetic wave.…”