“…By contrast, variants of metaheuristic algorithms have been extensively used to solve UBQP and shown to be effective to find high-quality solutions in an acceptable time. Some representative metaheuristic methods include local search based approaches, both direct [9] and using Simulated Annealing [3,6,24]; adaptive memory approaches based on Tabu Search [6,16,40,41]; population-based approaches such as Evolutionary Algorithms [7,25,32,35], Scatter Search [4] and Memetic Algorithms [37]; and specially designed one pass heuristics [17].…”