One-Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis of Benzalkonium-Templated Mesostructured Silica Antibacterial Agents

Abstract

Novel mesostructured silica microparticles are synthesized, characterized and investigated as a drug delivery system (DDS) for antimicrobial applications. The materials exhibit relatively high density (0.56 g per 1 g SiO2) of BAC, pore channels of 18 Å in width, and high surface area (1500 m2/g). Comparison of SAXRD pattern with BJH pore size distribution data suggests that the 18 Å pores exhibit short range ordering and a wall thickness of ca. 12 Å. Drug release studies demonstrate pH-responsive controlled release of BAC without additional surface modification of the materials. Prolonged drug release data was analyzed using a power law (Korsmeyer-Peppas) model and indicates substantial differences in release mechanism in acidic (pH 4.0, 5.0, 6.5) versus neutral (pH 7.4) solutions. Microbiological assays demonstrate a significant time-dependent reduction in Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica viability above 10 and 130 mg L−1 of the synthesized materials, respectively. The viability of cells is reduced over time compared to control samples. The findings will help in widening the use of BAC as a disinfectant and bactericidal agent, especially in pharmaceutical and food industries where Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial contamination is common.

Cationic and Anionic Antimicrobial Agents Co-Templated Mesostructured Silica Nanocomposites with a Spiky Nanotopology and Enhanced Biofilm Inhibition Performance

“…Compared to the spectrum of BAC (Fig. 1 h), nanocomposites I and II exhibited typical peaks at 2950, 2850, and 1480 cm −1 corresponding to C–H stretching bands and benzene ring originated from BAC [ 23 ], suggesting the existence of BAC, which is consistent with EDX mapping results. The peaks originated from NaSal at 1300, 810, and 620–690 cm −1 are only observed from nanocomposite I [ 38 ].…”

“…Recently, a bactericidal reagent, benzalkonium chloride (BAC) was reported to act as the cationic surfactant to template the synthesis of mesostructured silica composite material. The antibacterial activity of BAC is due to the electronic interaction between cationic ammonium head group and negatively-charged bacterial membrane as well as the lipophilic tail enhanced membrane permeability, leading to bacterial membrane rupture and a leakage of cytoplasmic materials [ 23 , 24 ]. However, the obtained composite particles have an large size of 650–850 nm, a small mesopore size of 18 Å, a low BAC release percentage of < 8% (in acidic condition) thus limited bactericidal efficiency (bacteria alive after 6 h treatment) [ 9 , 25 ].…”

Platelet-derived porous nanomotor for thrombus therapy

“…S18, the release of UK from MMNM/UK can last for about 3 hours, which may be attributed to the fact that UK mostly located in the outer macropores of the nanomotors, while MMNM/Hep displayed a much slower release rate and the release of Hep can last for at least 20 days. Three classical release models were chosen to further reveal the release mechanism of UK and Hep [Zero-order ( Q t = K 0 t ), First-order (ln(1 − Q t / Q f ) = − K 1 t ), and Peppas ( M t / M ∞ = a · t b or ln( M t / M ∞ ) = ln a + b ln t ), where Q f is the total release amount of drugs and Q t is the release amount of drugs at the time of t ; K represents the rate constant of each release model; M t represents the release amount of drugs at the time of t and M ∞ is the total release amount, while a is the kinetic constant and b is regarded as the exponent to identify the diffusion mechanism] ( 27 ). As shown in fig.…”

Controlled release evaluation of paracetamol loaded amine functionalized mesoporous silica KCC1 compared to microcrystalline cellulose based tablets

“…The majority of new drugs illustrate very poor bioavailability and solubility 15 – 17 , which lead to very low release rate during dissolution tests 18 – 23 . So far, in order to overcome this obstacle as one of the biggest challenges in pharmaceutical industry, different research groups have focused on displaying the potential of surface-functionalized mesoporous silica materials 24 – 26 as an important host for oral drug controlled delivery systems 27 – 32 . Different researches have been done on enhancement and control of drug release rate and solubility 33 by loading drug into mesoporous silica materials 19 , 34 – 37 .…”