One-step hydrothermal synthesis of CdxInyS(x+1.5y) for photocatalytic oxidation of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2, 5-diformylfuran under ambient conditions

Electro‐ and Photocatalytic Oxidative Upgrading of Bio‐based 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural

“…[131] Lu and co-workers also prepared Cd 1.5 In 2 S 4.5 with high activity by the one-step hydrothermal method. [132] This Cd 1.5 In 2 S 4.5 can activate O 2 to form the highly selective Scheme 3. Possible mechanism of the selective HMF-to-DFF oxidation with MAPbBr 3 catalyst.…”

Designing Eco-functional Redox Conversions Integrated in Environmental Photo(electro)catalysis

“…O 2 can be reduced into ·O 2 – or HOO – , H 2 O 2 , and ·OH, while H 2 O can be oxidized into ·OH, H 2 O 2 , and O 2 via different reaction paths, as shown in Figure a. The hydroxyl radical (·OH), being the most powerful ROS with E °(·OH/H 2 O) = 2.72 V NHE , can oxidize most organic substrates nonselectively with diffusion-limited rates (10 9 –10 10 L mol –1 s –1 ), whereas O 2 · – is a more selective oxidant. − As each ROS may play a unique role in a water-treatment process, how to control the selective formation of each ROS is a challenging issue. The photochemical activation of O 2 is a multielectron-transfer process coupled with concurrent proton transfer in which O 2 is sequentially reduced to ·O 2 – /HOO·, H 2 O 2 , ·OH, and H 2 O via one-, two-, three-, and four-electron-transfer (ET) pathways, respectively. − The selectivity of the proton-coupled ET (PCET) pathway would determine the kind of ROS, while the activity of the catalyst influences the formation rate of ROS.…”

Alloy‐Driven Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Biomass‐Derived 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural towards 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid: A Review

“…Additionally, FDCA can be used as a monomer and a cross‐linking agent to copolymerize with butyl methacrylate for the synthesis of polymers [16] . In recent years, seeking environment‐friendly transformations to efficiently generate FDCA from biomass‐derived HMF has attracted extensive investigating attention [17] …”

“…[16] In recent years, seeking environment-friendly transformations to efficiently generate FDCA from biomassderived HMF has attracted extensive investigating attention. [17] Among those classical catalytic approaches for HMF oxidation, the commonly employed thermocatalysis has been extensively reported, and the corresponding technologies have been well developed with relatively high performances. [18] Nevertheless, there are still several drawbacks that hinder its large-scale industrial applications to some extent, such as high energy input, [19] unsatisfactory catalytic stability, [20] expensive precious metal catalysts, [21] longer reaction durations (usually higher than 10 h), [22] and possible environmental pollution.…”