Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related to Arsenic as undesirable substance in animal feed

,

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2005.180

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 94 publications

(94 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The inorganic form of arsenic, particularly the trivalent arsenic (arsenite), is known to be extremely toxic during chronic exposure [43]. Chronic dietary exposure to arsenic may result in the development of peripheral neuropathy, modifications in normal heme metabolism, impairment of renal function, and other serious disorders in animals [44]. Larvae with such levels of arsenic cannot be used for direct feeding to poultry animals in Europe (Table 5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In pets animals, like dogs, a high level of dietary calcium (hypercalcemia) is responsible for neoplasia, primary perparathyroidism, chronic kidney disease, and other serious health issues [46]. On the other hand, high levels of potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus in animals diets is associated with issues, such as chronic kidney disease, blood electrolyte abnormalities, and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, respectively [41,42,44].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Growth and Safety Assessment of Feed Streams for Black Soldier Fly Larvae: A Case Study with Aquaculture Sludge

Schmitt

Belghit

Johansen³

et al. 2019

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The production of food is an intensive source of environmental impact. In aquaculture, one source of impact is solid waste, which contains high concentrations of minerals, other nutrients, and metals. The larvae of Hermetia illucens are capable of consuming this material, but applying technology that is based on these larvae for managing waste streams, like those from aquaculture, requires careful examination of safety risks. A study is performed examining the growth performance of larvae that were fed on solid aquaculture waste. Subsequently, a thorough analysis of safety risks from inorganics, with detailed the results on microelements that have previously received little attention in the literature, is performed to serve as a guideline for how to assess the safety of waste streams such as these. Findings confirm existing results in the literature that Cd is bioaccumulative, but also that other elements, including Hg, Mn, and especially K, are bioaccumulative. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first research where the accumulation of Ag is also tested. The results of these tests are explained within the context of regulations in various countries where Hermetia illucens is cultivated, serving as a reference for practitioners to rigorously screen out high risk feed streams that they may consider using as feed sources. It is intended that these references and the demonstrated accumulation of a range of elements motivate comprehensive industry safety practices when evaluating new feed sources.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Safety Assessment of Feed Streams for Black Soldier Fly Larvae: A Case Study with Aquaculture Sludge

Schmitt

Belghit

Johansen³

et al. 2019

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Heavy metals present in feed at "above legal limits" generally have low levels. However, when the plants (used to process feed) grow in a strongly contaminated environment, the HM concentration in feed materials of plant origin can increase due to adhering soil particles and/or uptake of the plant (EFSA, 2004a(EFSA, , 2004b(EFSA, , 2005(EFSA, , 2008. A significant increase of HMs present in feed at "above legal limits" was seen in 2006 and 2013.…”

Section: Bn Model Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weighted Bayesian network for the classification of unbalanced food safety data: Case study of risk‐based monitoring of heavy metals

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Historical data on food safety monitoring often serve as an information source in designing monitoring plans. However, such data are often unbalanced: a small fraction of the dataset refers to food safety hazards that are present in high concentrations (representing commodity batches with a high risk of being contaminated, the positives) and a high fraction of the dataset refers to food safety hazards that are present in low concentrations (representing commodity batches with a low risk of being contaminated, the negatives). Such unbalanced datasets complicate modeling to predict the probability of contamination of commodity batches. This study proposes a weighted Bayesian network (WBN) classifier to improve the model prediction accuracy for the presence of food and feed safety hazards using unbalanced monitoring data, specifically for the presence of heavy metals in feed. Applying different weight values resulted in different classification accuracies for each involved class; the optimal weight value was defined as the value that yielded the most effective monitoring plan, that is, identifying the highest percentage of contaminated feed batches. Results showed that the Bayesian network classifier resulted in a large difference between the classification accuracy of positive samples (20%) and negative samples (99%). With the WBN approach, the classification accuracy of positive samples and negative samples were both around 80%, and the monitoring effectiveness increased from 31% to 80% for pre‐set sample size of 3000. Results of this study can be used to improve the effectiveness of monitoring various food safety hazards in food and feed.

show abstract

“…Specifically, i As was detected only in 76% of the muscle samples analyzed. This situation may reflect the decline in the use of both i As and i Hg compounds in agriculture practices over recent decades and the gradual phasing out of fish meal in pig diets which, together with drinking water, are reported as the main contamination sources in pig farming [ 10 , 53 ]. On the other hand, median concentrations of i As and i Hg found in livers (0.016 and 0.0015 mg kg −1 , respectively) were higher than those listed by other authors [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high levels of contamination, together with the high rate of dietary consumption of these products, are therefore responsible for human exposure to TMMs at levels which can lead to adverse health outcomes [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. In this context, concentration levels of TMMs in tissues of wild animals are mainly related to environmental pollution, while contamination levels in tissues of farmed animals (especially those from intensive livestock facilities) are ascribed to feed, in which additives and mineral supplements containing high concentrations of toxic metals can be present [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Muscle and Liver of Italian Heavy Pigs and Potential Health Risk Associated with Dietary Exposure

Ghidini

Varrà

Husáková

et al. 2022

Foods

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Muscle and liver tissues from Italian heavy pigs were analyzed to investigate whether the chronic consumption of these products by local consumers could represent a health risk in relation to the contamination by some toxic metals and metalloids (TMMs). The concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Sn, U, and Zn were measured with an inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometer, while Hg analysis was performed by using a mercury analyzer. Fe, Zn, and Cu were the most abundant elements in both tissues, while U was detected only at ultra-trace levels. As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, U, and Zn showed significantly higher concentrations in livers compared to muscles (p ≤ 0.01), with Cd and Cu being 60- and 9-fold more concentrated in the hepatic tissue. Despite this, concentrations of all TMMs were found to be very low in all the samples to the point that the resulting estimated dietary intakes did not suggest any food safety concern. Indeed, intakes were all below the toxicological health-based guidance values or resulted in low margins of exposure. Nevertheless, in the calculation of the worst-case exposure scenario, the children’s estimated intake of Cd, Fe, and Zn through the sole consumption of pig liver contributed to more than 23, 38, and 39% of the tolerable weekly intakes of these elements, while the combined consumption of pig liver and pig muscle to more than 24, 46, and 76%. These findings alert about the probability of exceeding the toxicological guidance values of Cd, Fe, and Zn though the whole diet, suggesting long-term negative health effects for the younger population.

show abstract

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related to Arsenic as undesirable substance in animal feed

Cited by 13 publications

References 94 publications

Growth and Safety Assessment of Feed Streams for Black Soldier Fly Larvae: A Case Study with Aquaculture Sludge

Growth and Safety Assessment of Feed Streams for Black Soldier Fly Larvae: A Case Study with Aquaculture Sludge

Weighted Bayesian network for the classification of unbalanced food safety data: Case study of risk‐based monitoring of heavy metals

Occurrence of Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Muscle and Liver of Italian Heavy Pigs and Potential Health Risk Associated with Dietary Exposure

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About