Optical local area networking using CWDM

White, I.H.; Penty, R.V.; Hankey, J.; Williams, Kevin; Roberts, Guy; Glick, Madeleine; McAuley, Derek

doi:10.1117/12.514661

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Table 2 compares our device with various silicon-based DC-PBSs. It indicates that, our cascaded tapered bent DC-PBS has a wide bandwidth in simulation and the ability to support O-, S-, Cand L-band operations in experiment, which can have potential applications in coarse wavelength division multiplexer (CWDM) systems [18].…”

Section: Fabrication Experimental Setup and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Broadband Polarization Beam Splitter by Using Cascaded Tapered Bent Directional Couplers

Zhao

Qiu

et al. 2019

IEEE Photonics J.

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We propose and demonstrate a broadband silicon-based polarization beam splitter (PBS) by using cascaded tapered bent directional couplers (DCs). In our device, the TM-polarized light is efficiently cross coupled to the cross port due to the strong coupling in the DCs, while the TE-polarized light goes through the DC with weak coupling and outputs at the through port. This device can achieve a broad bandwidth performance and support O-, S-, C-, and L-band operations, with acceptable extinction ratios (ERs) and insertion losses (ILs). For both TE and TM polarizations, the simulation results show that ERs are ࣙ10.1 dB and ILs are ࣘ1.33 dB in 1280-1600 nm. In the measurement, for the TE polarization, an ER ࣙ10.94 dB and an IL ࣘ1.61 dB are obtained in 1280-1360 nm, while an ER ࣙ11.98 dB and an IL ࣘ1.39 dB are measured in 1510-1590 nm. For the TM polarization, an ER ࣙ12.25 dB and an IL ࣘ2.22 dB are obtained in 1280-1360 nm, while an ER ࣙ18.93 dB and an IL ࣘ1.22 dB are measured in 1510-1590 nm.

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Section: Fabrication Experimental Setup and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Broadband Polarization Beam Splitter by Using Cascaded Tapered Bent Directional Couplers

Zhao

Qiu

et al. 2019

IEEE Photonics J.

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Section: Cwdm and Uncooled Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…lasers with reduced temperature dependence of the wavelength, see for example [15] for a recent review. An interesting approach discussed in [15] is the use of tuning to compensate for the temperature drift, resulting in a wavelength variation of under 1 nm. The attraction of this scheme lies in the fact that (in volume) the cost of the wavelength control electronics is lower than that of a thermoelectric cooler, and its power consumption is lower.…”

Section: Cwdm and Uncooled Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>What is new in WDM sources?</title>

Buus¹

2004

SPIE Proceedings

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This paper will describe some of the latest developments in the area of optical sources for WDM systems, including tunable lasers and multiwavelength sources. We will consider both DWDM and CWDM. We will start by looking at the source requirements, such as wavelength switching time, for various applications. After that we will give an overview of the latest developments in source options and technologies. The source options under discussion will include external cavity lasers, wavelength selectable laser arrays, tunable VCSELs, monolithic tunable lasers, and non-semiconductor alternatives. Numerous examples will be shown, and the characteristics and performance of the various devices will be discussed. The key performance parameters, such as tuning range, power and switching time will be related to the expected areas of application. These areas include sparing, fixed wavelength transmitter replacement, and use in wavelength switched networks. We will pay particular attention to packaging and modules, and discuss the emergence of pluggable lasers. Finally we will consider the prospects for uncooled operation. TUNABLE LASER APPLICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTSThe ability to choose a particular wavelength of operation makes tunable lasers, or wavelength selectable laser arrays, with an adjustable or uncommitted wavelength, attractive for different applications in WDM systems. It is convenient to classify the application areas in terms of the required wavelength switching time. Below we discuss possible application areas in order of increasing demand on the switching speed. We will use the term "tunable" as a generic term, i.e. including wavelength selectable sources.An obvious application for tunable lasers is sparing. Rather than keeping spare transmitter modules, or even whole linecards, for a number of separate specific wavelengths, it is far more cost efficient to keep just a few spares which incorporate tunable lasers. The laser wavelength is then set when the transmitter is needed. Sparing was for a long time seen as the first major market segment for tunable lasers. However, the emergence of hot-pluggable transmitters has made sparing cheaper, and consequently reduced the premium which the tunable laser manufacturers can charge for transmitters for this application. It is of course necessary for tunable lasers used for sparing to have properties (like for example output power) comparable to those of fixed wavelength lasers. A related application is provisioning of circuits in response to traffic demand. Use of tunable transmitters means that new circuits can be set up at any desired wavelength without the need for a stock of fixed wavelength transmitters.The wavelength flexibility paves the way for constructing reconfigurable networks, and to use tunable lasers for restoration and protection. For these applications sub-second switching times are required.Ultimately tunable lasers can be used in packet switched networks. These can take the form of burst mode switching where data is transmitted on a selected wavelengt...

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“…One example system is the Data Vortex prototype, designed as a specialist interconnect for future super-computers [9]. Our own prototype OPS for the local-area network uses a multi-wavelength optical data path end to end, with a switching system based upon semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) [10], [11]. In the current version of the this system, each wavelength carries data at 1.25Gbps, using 8B/10B coding.…”

Section: A Optical Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical network packet error rate due to physical layer coding

Moore

James

Glick

et al. 2005

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-A physical layer coding scheme is designed to make optimal use of the available physical link, providing functionality to higher components in the network stack. This paper presents results of an exploration of the errors observed when an optical Gigabit Ethernet link is subject to attenuation. The results show that some data symbols suffer from a far higher probability of error than others. This effect is caused by an interaction between the physical layer and the 8B/10B block coding scheme. We illustrate how the application of a scrambler, performing datawhitening, restores content-independent uniformity of packetloss. We also note the implications of our work for other (N,K) block-coded systems and discuss how this effect will manifest itself in a scrambler-based system. A conjecture is made that there is a need to build converged systems, with the combinations of physical, data-link, and network layers optimised to interact correctly. In the mean time, what will become increasingly necessary is both an identification of the potential for failure and the need to plan around it.

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Optical local area networking using CWDM

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Broadband Polarization Beam Splitter by Using Cascaded Tapered Bent Directional Couplers

Broadband Polarization Beam Splitter by Using Cascaded Tapered Bent Directional Couplers

<title>What is new in WDM sources?</title>

Optical network packet error rate due to physical layer coding

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