Optical properties of thin anodic alumina membranes formed in a solution of tartaric acid

Vrublevsky, Igor; Chernyakova, Katsiaryna; Ispas, Adriana; Bund, Andreas; Zavadski, S. M.

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2014.01.074

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…As can be seen the anodic oxide film formed in S.A. is thicker and well-defined compared to the one formed in P.A. which is thinner and very porous, with formations resembling protrusions or whiskers on its surface, in accordance to Wernick et al[1].Since differences in the structure and porosity or roughness of the surface of anodic oxide films influence their optical properties[15] [16], the reflectance spectra obtained from specimens that have been anodized in P.A. at various anodizing temperatures and printed by digital (inkjet) printing were recorded.…”

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confidence: 73%

Printing on Anodized Aluminium Surface

Theohari¹,

Iakovidis²,

Καραμπότσος³

et al. 2016

OJAppS

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Anodizing of aluminium is widely applied when a controllable morphology and properties of the surface are required. Anodic oxide films may be developed by appropriate selection of electrolyte and film-forming conditions for various applications in the fields of architecture, aerospace, electronics, packaging and printing. In the present study, the printability of aluminium with respect to anodizing conditions is discussed. In particular, AA1050 alloy specimens were anodized in either sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid at temperatures ranging from 10˚C to 40˚C, thereby affecting the porosity and anodic layer thickness. Both the porosity and oxide thickness increase with the temperature, whereas anodization in phosphoric acid produces thinner and more porous layer than that in sulfuric acid. After the anodization step, two different printing techniques were used (i.e. digital printing and screen printing). Printed specimens were characterized by means of colour parameters, microscopy, adhesion and light fastness test. Colour parameters and ink adhesion measurements indicate that both digital and screen printing techniques give a better print quality when the anodization step is conducted in the range of 20˚C-30˚C.

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supporting

confidence: 73%

Printing on Anodized Aluminium Surface

Theohari¹,

Iakovidis²,

Καραμπότσος³

et al. 2016

OJAppS

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“…On the other hand, poorly arranged nanoporous structures are formed by chromic acid anodizing due to pore branching. Several carboxylic acids, including oxalic ((COOH) 2 ) [35][36][37][38], malonic (HOOC-CH 2 -COOH) [39][40][41], tartalic (HOOC-(CHOH) 2 -COOH) [42][43][44], citric (HOOC-CH 2 -C(OH)(COOH)-CH 2 -COOH) [45][46][47], malic (HOOC-CH(OH)-CH 2 -COOH) [45,48], glycolic (HOOC-CH 2 OH) [45], formic (HCOOH) [49], and tartronic (HOOC-CH(OH)-COOH) [50] acid have been reported to date for the fabrication of anodic porous alumina. Oxalic and malonic acid anodizing have been reported to give rise to self-ordering behavior under suitable anodizing conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of anodic porous alumina via anodizing in cyclic oxocarbon acids

Kikuchi

Nakajima

Kawashima

et al. 2014

Applied Surface Science

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The growth behavior of anodic porous alumina formed by anodizing in novel electrolyte solutions, the cyclic oxocarbon acids croconic and rhodizonic acid, was investigated for the first time. High-purity aluminum specimens were anodized in 0.1 M croconic and rhodizonic acid solutions at various constant current densities. An anodic porous alumina film with a cell size of 200-450 nm grew uniformly on an aluminum substrate by rhodizonic acid anodizing at 5-40 Am -2 , and a black, burned oxide was formed at higher current density. The cell size of the porous alumina increased with current density and corresponding anodizing voltage. Anodizing in croconic acid at 293 K caused the formation of thin anodic porous alumina films as well as black, thick burned oxides. The uniformity of the porous alumina improved by increasing the temperature of the croconic acid solution, and anodic porous alumina films with a uniform film thickness were successfully obtained. Our experimental results showed that the cyclic oxocarbon acids croconic and rhodizonic acid could be employed as a suitable electrolyte for the formation of anodic porous alumina films.Key words: Aluminum; Anodizing; Anodic Porous Alumina; Croconic Acid; Rhodizonic Acid IntroductionThe anodizing of aluminum in several different acidic solutions causes the formation of anodic porous alumina (i.e., porous anodic oxide film) with characteristic nanofeatures on aluminum substrates. Porous alumina consists of nano-scale hexagonal cells perpendicular to the substrate, and each cell possesses a nanopore at its center [1,2]. These cells are self-ordered by anodizing under appropriate electrochemical conditions, especially under a high electric field [3,4]. When anodic porous alumina is immersed in boiling distilled water after anodizing, the nanopores are filled by hydroxide (pore-sealing) [5,6]. The sealing process causes the formation of a highly crystalline hydroxide layer on the surface of the anodic oxide, and the hydroxide layer is highly dissolution-resistant in acidic and alkaline solutions. Using these characteristic structural and chemical properties, anodic porous alumina has been widely investigated for many applications: antireflection structures [7,8] [50] acid have been reported to date for the fabrication of anodic porous alumina. Oxalic and malonic acid anodizing have been reported to give rise to self-ordering behavior under suitable anodizing conditions. The organic and inorganic electrolytes used to fabricate anodic porous alumina possess low dissociation constant (pKa) in aqueous solution, except for glycolic and formic acid, are diacids or triacids. However, glycolic and formic acid form dimers via hydrogen bonding in aqueous solution and may behave like diacids [52,53]. The nanofeatures of anodic porous alumina, including cell size (i.e., interpore distance) and pore diameter, are limited by these electrolytes during anodizing. Therefore, the discovery of additional electrolytes is very important in expanding the applicability of porous alum...

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“…The superlative pore arrangement is perceived at 40 V of anodization voltage when oxalic acid is used as the electrolyte. 28 At anodization potential of 40 V, lower concentration of electrolyte helps in the pore formation with a diameter of 96 nm and wall thickness of 50 nm. An increase in the concentration of the electrolyte is directly proportional to the increase in the wall thickness of porous alumina.…”

Section: Step One Of Anodization Using Oxalic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anodization of Aluminium using a fast two-step process

2015

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Ultra-fast two-step anodization method is developed for obtaining ordered nano-pores on aluminium (Al) foil. First anodization was carried out for 10 min, followed by 3 min of second anodization at high voltage (150 V) compared to previous reports of anodization times of 12 h (40-60 V). The pore dimensions on anodized alumina are 180 nm for pore diameter and 130 nm for inter-pore distance. It was evident that by increasing the anodization voltage to 150 V, the diameter of the pores formed was above 150 nm. The electrolyte and its temperature affect the shape and size of the pore formation. At lower anodization temperature, controlled pore formation was observed. The anodized samples were characterized using the field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) to determine the pore diameter and inter-pore distance. Using UV-Visible spectroscopy, the reflectance spectra of anodized samples were measured. The alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) peaks were identified by x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The x-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed the Al 2p peak at 73.1 eV along with the oxygen O 1s at 530.9 eV and carbon traces C 1s at 283.6 eV.

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Optical properties of thin anodic alumina membranes formed in a solution of tartaric acid

Cited by 37 publications

References 35 publications

Printing on Anodized Aluminium Surface

Printing on Anodized Aluminium Surface

Fabrication of anodic porous alumina via anodizing in cyclic oxocarbon acids

Anodization of Aluminium using a fast two-step process

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