Optical property and Stokes’ shift of Zn1−xCdxO thin films depending on Cd content

Abstract

Effect of annealing on the spectral and nonlinear optical characteristics of thin films of nano-ZnO J. Appl. Phys.

Cd-composition induced effects on structure, optical and electrical properties of sputtered Zn1−xCdxO films

“…According to the rules of quantitative analysis of the XPS spectrum, the relative atomic surface concentrations can be determined using the integrated area of Cd3d , Zn2p, and O1s peaks, the Cd content can be evaluated approximately 13, 38, 91 at.% in the Zn 1-x Cd x O (x = 0.2, 0.5, 0.8) films, respectively. Therefore, it confirms the Cd incorporation into the ZnO and provides the composition of Cd as 13 at.% in our experiment without any second phase separation, which was significantly larger than the thermodynamic solid solubility limits (2 at.%)[34]. Moreover, it also confirms Zn incorporation into the CdO and provides the composition of Zn as 9 at.% in the Zn 1-x Cd x O (x = 0.8) film.The detailed microstructures of the Zn 1-x Cd x O (x = 0.2, 0.5, 0.8) films are characterized using high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) in the present work.Fig.…”

Structural properties and enhanced bandgap tunability of quaternary CdZnOS epitaxial films grown by pulsed laser deposition

“…0.05. For the Cd x Zn 1Àx O films grown by Kang et al [15] with the same technique, the FWHM of Cd x Zn 1Àx O (002) rocking curve approached to 3.5 even the film contained only 3% Cd. The considerably enhanced out-of-plane atomic ordering of the quaternary CdZnOS films may result from bettercontrolled film deposition process.…”

Optical properties of sputtered hexagonal CdZnO films with band gap energies from 1.8 to 3.3eV

“…The main reasons are as follows: (1) Cd and Zn ions have similar ionic radii of ∼0.74 and 0.60Å, respectively; (2) CdO has a direct band gap of ∼2.3 eV at room temperature, ∼1.0 eV narrower than that of ZnO [6,7]. In recent years, a variety of methods have been employed to deposit Cd x Zn 1−x O films, such as pulsed laser deposition [4,8], molecular beam epitaxy [9][10][11], metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy [12,13], and magnetron sputtering [14]. Unfortunately, ZnO and CdO have different crystal structures as hexagonal and cubic, respectively.…”