Optical waveguide formed by electrically induced migration of ions in glass plates

Izawa, T.; Nakagome, H.

doi:10.1063/1.1654265

Cited by 206 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…These include; ion exchange [17], chemical vapour deposition techniques (such as PECVD [18] and FHD [19]), ion beam machining [20] and direct UV writing of waveguides [21]. We have been investigating direct UV writing with a CW frequency doubled argon-ion laser operating at 244nm.…”

Section: Planar Channel Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Advances in gallium lanthanum sulphide glass for optical fiber and devices</title>

et al. 2001

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The advantages of gallium lanthanum sulphide (GLS) based glass over other competing glasses for active and infrared applications are evident through its low-phonon energy, high rare-earth solubility, high transition temperature and non-toxicity. However this glass often devitrifies during fibre drawing due to a small separation between the crystallisation and fibre drawing temperatures. Improving GLS fabrication technology may hold the key to achieving practical optical waveguide devices. In this paper, we describe the current GLS research status, methods of improving glass purity and our directions toward alternatives to traditional fibre technology, in particular planar channel waveguides and holey or microstructured fibres.

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Section: Planar Channel Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Advances in gallium lanthanum sulphide glass for optical fiber and devices</title>

et al. 2001

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“…Its implementation for producing gradient changes in refraction of glass in order to produce a waveguide structure was first published in the work of Izawa and Nakagone in 1972 [1]. This method has found its widest application in relation to the oxide glasses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Producibility of the ion-exchange method in manufacturing gradient refractive index in glass

Rogoziński¹

2014

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences

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Abstract. This paper presents the technological aspect of application of the ion exchange method in producing gradient refractive index in glass. The possibility of predictable and repeatable producing of the changes in glass refraction with the use of this method has been presented, as well as the method of in situ control of the process of diffusion doping of glass based on the measurement of the temperature. This method is based on simultaneous (to the carried process) solving the nonlinear diffusion equation modeling the spatio-temporal changes in normalized concentration of the admixture ions in glass. For this purpose the knowledge of temperature characteristics of diffusion coefficients of exchanged ions is used. The result of such control of diffusion processes is information on the current (temporary) refractive index profile of the resulting waveguide. The presented method of control has been confirmed by experimental results, which concern modeling and measurements of planar waveguide structures of slab type. The proposed methodology can also be used to control the diffusion processes of producing another type of two-and three-dimensional gradient structures. According to the author's knowledge the method mentioned above has not been described in literature before.

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“…21 The waveguides described therein used Tl + ion exchange from a molten salt bath for Na + and K + ions in glass, and already introduced two key processing techniques: field-assisted ion exchange to achieve migration of ions deeper into glass and a second step introducing original ions back into the glass to bury the waveguide under the surface, achieving low loss. In addition to planar waveguides, there were demonstrated multimode channel waveguides fabricated using a lithographically patterned mask film.…”

Section: Early Years Of Ion-exchanged Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 Figure 1(b) illustrates the field-assisted ion migration from a molten salt at the anode side. 21 Figure 1(c) is the field-assisted migration from a metal thin film source; 28 the thin film may be deposited on top of a patterned mask, or it can be directly patterned onto the glass surface. Figure 1(d) shows a field-assisted migration process, combining a patterned metal film with molten salt source at the anode surface; 45,46 this can be used as a one-step process for producing buried waveguides, for after the metal film source has been consumed, this will directly continue as a field-assisted burial, similar to configuration [ Fig.…”

Section: Waveguide Fabrication Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion-exchanged glass waveguide technology: a review

2011

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Abstract. We review the history and current status of ion exchanged glass waveguide technology. The background of ion exchange in glass and key developments in the first years of research are briefly described. An overview of fabrication, characterization and modeling of waveguides is given and the most important waveguide devices and their applications are discussed. Ion exchanged waveguide technology has served as an available platform for studies of general waveguide properties, integrated optics structures and devices, as well as applications. It is also a commercial fabrication technology for both passive and active waveguide components. C 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).

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Optical waveguide formed by electrically induced migration of ions in glass plates

Abstract: Low-loss waveguides for integrated optical devices are formed by electrically induced migration of ions in glass plates. The guiding region is located beneath the substrate glass. The transmission loss of the waveguides is estimated to be less than 0.1 dB/cm.

Cited by 206 publications

References 4 publications

<title>Advances in gallium lanthanum sulphide glass for optical fiber and devices</title>

<title>Advances in gallium lanthanum sulphide glass for optical fiber and devices</title>

Producibility of the ion-exchange method in manufacturing gradient refractive index in glass

Ion-exchanged glass waveguide technology: a review

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