The Bragg reflection waveguide (BRW), or one-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide, has recently been proposed for a wide spectrum of applications ranging from particle acceleration to nonlinear frequency conversion. Here, we conduct a thorough analytical investigation of the quarter-wave BRW, in which the layers of the resonant cladding have a thickness corresponding to one quarter of the transverse wavelength of a desired guided mode. An analytical solution to the mode dispersion equation is derived, and it is shown that the quarter-wave BRW is polarization degenerate, although the TE and TM mode profiles differ significantly as the external Brewster's angle condition in the cladding is approached. Analytical expressions for waveguide properties such as the modal normalization constants, propagation loss, and overlap factors between the mode and each waveguide layer are derived, as are dispersion and tuning curves.

Abstract-In this paper, we introduce and analyze a novel waveguide design to provide phase matching for nonlinear optical processes. Phase matching is achieved by designing the structure to guide the fundamental frequency by total internal reflection and the second harmonic (SH) frequency by transverse Bragg reflection. By forcing the SH mode to operate in the middle of the Bragg stopband, we solve for the waveguide dimensions for arbitrary waveguide materials, given the material dispersion between the fundamental and SH frequencies. Using GaAs-AlGaAs as an example, we analytically investigate and quantify properties such as nonlinear coupling efficiency, bandwidth, tunability, and limitations due to dispersion. The technique shows tremendous promise when compared to alternate technologies, where it is particularly attractive as an effective means to obtain ultralow-loss nonlinear optical elements for monolithic integration with coherent light sources and other active devices.

Abstract. We review the history and current status of ion exchanged glass waveguide technology. The background of ion exchange in glass and key developments in the first years of research are briefly described. An overview of fabrication, characterization and modeling of waveguides is given and the most important waveguide devices and their applications are discussed. Ion exchanged waveguide technology has served as an available platform for studies of general waveguide properties, integrated optics structures and devices, as well as applications. It is also a commercial fabrication technology for both passive and active waveguide components. C 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).

A detailed theoretical and experimental study of the depth dependence of buried ion-exchanged waveguides on waveguide width is reported. Modeling, which includes the effect of nonhomogeneous time-dependent electric field distribution, agrees well with our experiments showing that burial depth increases linearly with waveguide width. These results may be used in the proper design of integrated optical circuits that need waveguides of different widths at different sections, such as arrayed waveguide gratings.