Optical waveguides fabricated by ion exchange in high-index commercial glasses

Johansson, Jens; Djanta, Gnon; Coutaz, Jean‐Louis

doi:10.1364/ao.31.002796

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…As mentioned before, the ion exchange phenomenon in glass substrates occurs as a result of introduction of foreign admixture ions into the glass. The used admixtures are alkaline metal ions: lithium [19], potassium [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], rubidium [30], cesium [31], and ions of heavier elements: copper [32,33], silver [6,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] and thallium [7.44]. The most common sources of these admixtures are molten nitrates.…”

Section: Technological Processes Of Producing Ion Exchange In Glassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Exchange in Glass – The Changes of Glass Refraction

Rogoziński¹

2012

Ion Exchange Technologies

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Section: Technological Processes Of Producing Ion Exchange In Glassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Exchange in Glass – The Changes of Glass Refraction

Rogoziński¹

2012

Ion Exchange Technologies

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“…We opted for N-BK7 glass as the bulk material and the waveguide on the surface being formed by ion diffusion [65][66][67][68][69][70]. While submersed in a hot KNO 3 melt for several hours, K + ions diffuse into the glass, replacing the slightly smaller Na + ions of the crown glass.…”

Section: Experimental Realization Of Gaussian Beam Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light in curved two-dimensional space

Schultheiss

Batz

Peschel

2020

Advances in Physics: X

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The extrinsic and intrinsic curvature of a two-dimensional waveguide influences wave propagation therein. While this can already be apprehended from a geometric point of view in terms of geodesics generalizing straight lines as the shortest distance between any two points, in wave optics interference phenomena strongly govern the field evolution, too. Radii of curvature in the order of the wavelength of light modify the local effective refractive index by altering the mode profile. Macroscopic radii only influence light propagation for nonvanishing intrinsic (or Gaussian) curvature. A positive Gaussian curvature leads to refocusing and thus an imaging behavior, whereas negative Gaussian curvature forces the field profile to diverge exponentially. These effects can be explained by an effective transverse potential acting on the electromagnetic field distribution's envelope. This can also be extended to nonlinear beam propagation. In this review paper we give a thorough introduction to differential geometry in twodimensional manifolds and its incorporation with Maxwell's equations. We report on first fundamental experiments in this newly emerging field, which may lead to applications in integrated optical circuits. The close conceptual analogy to phenomena in four-dimensional spacetime with constant curvature as well as toy-models of the Schwarzschild metric and a wormhole topology are also discussed.

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“…However, the latter are more sensitive to construction parameters than are Y-junctions. Furthermore, they tend to depolarize light when made by potassium ion exchange [19,20]. Technologically, Y-junctions seem to be the best compromise.…”

Section: Classical Integrated Displacement Sensor Interferometermentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of a glass integrated optical displacement sensor interferometer using acousto-optic effect

Poffo¹,

Lemaître-Auger²,

Benech³

et al. 2005

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Optical interferometer displacement sensors are well known for their high resolution, up to 10−7 m in a stabilized environment, over a wide measuring range which can reach several metres. Moreover, the measurements are carried out without any mechanical contact with the target object. Two optical outputs are however needed to determine the displacement sign. A glass integrated sensor with only one optical output that still measures the displacement sign is proposed here. It is derived from a Michelson interferometer but is realized by ion exchange on a glass substrate. A piezoelectric element placed over the reference arm produces a longitudinal acoustic wave that creates a small phase modulation in the reference light beam at a high frequency (1.28 MHz). A small modulation of the output signal is thus produced. The direction determination is based on the comparison between the phases of the excitation acoustic signal and of the high frequency part of the sensor's output signal after proper signal processing. A theoretical and an experimental demonstration of that principle are presented. A precision of 158 nm was obtained with simple numerical signal processing.

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Optical waveguides fabricated by ion exchange in high-index commercial glasses

Abstract: We present the fabrication process and the optical characterization of waveguides made by an ion-exchange technique in high-index D0035 and D0042C Corning glasses. We fabricate monomode channel waveguides in both kinds of glasses by exchange through a metallic mask.

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Ion Exchange in Glass – The Changes of Glass Refraction

Ion Exchange in Glass – The Changes of Glass Refraction

Light in curved two-dimensional space

Improvement of a glass integrated optical displacement sensor interferometer using acousto-optic effect

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