Optical Waveplates Based on Birefringence of Anisotropic Two-Dimensional Layered Materials

Yang, He; Jussila, Henri; Autere, Anton; Komsa, Hannu Pekka; Ye, Guojun; Chen, Xianhui; Hasan, Tawfique; Sun, Zhipei

doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.7b00507

Cited by 178 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Otherwise, the transmitted light can become elliptically polarized when experiencing the maximum phase retardance as incident polarization is 45° and 135° apart from the crystalline axes 3R‐NbS 2 , resulting in the brightest image. This phenomenon can be explained by the birdfringence of crystals, which was consistent with that for other anisotropic 2D materials, e.g., BP, ReSe 2 , and ReS 2 . Therefore, the PROM measurement clearly reveals the birefringence of 3R‐NbS 2 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Optical Properties of 2D 3R Phase Niobium Disulfide and Its Applications as a Saturable Absorber

Sun

Shi

Wang

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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2D van der Waals metal 3R phase niobium disulfide (3R‐NbS2) has fascinating anisotropic, magnetic, optical, and superconducting properties. Herein, few‐layered 2D 3R‐NbS2 nanosheets are fabricated by combining liquid phase exfoliation and spin‐coating methods. The first principles calculations are performed to explore their electronic band structures to reveal the metallic properties and enhanced optical absorption as thickness increased. The linear and nonlinear optical properties arising from the plasmonic effects and nonequilibrium electrons are studied through the violet–visible–near‐infrared absorption spectroscopy, polarization‐resolved optical microscopy, and open‐aperture Z‐scan methods. The nonlinear absorption coefficient and imaginary part of the third‐order susceptibility are determined to be −2.5 × 106 cm GW−1 and −2.4 × 10−6 esu at 1064 nm. Furthermore, 2D 3R‐NbS2 nanosheets based saturable absorbers are fabricated and applied in solid‐state pulsed lasers, in which a continuous‐wave mode‐locking laser operation at 1050.6 nm is demonstrated with a pulse duration of 302 fs. The results not only verify that 2D metallic materials, such as 3R‐NbS2, are excellent nonlinear optical modulators, but also will arouse a general interest in designing novel materials/structures with 2D metallic materials for electronic and photonic devices.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Optical Properties of 2D 3R Phase Niobium Disulfide and Its Applications as a Saturable Absorber

Sun

Shi

Wang

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…An additional advantage of the large extension of the single crystals is the possibility to exploit the large optical birefringence induced by the layered material structure, akin to that of metamaterials. Interestingly, black phosphorus has been recently proposed for fabrication of atomically-thin optical waveplates thanks to its in-plane birefringence as high as ∆n ≈ 0.245 40 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Out-of-Plane Excitons in 2D Single-Crystal Perovskites

et al. 2018

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Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites have emerged as very promising materials for photonic applications, thanks to the great synthetic versatility that allows to tune their optical properties. In the two-dimensional (2D) crystalline form, these materials behave as multiple quantum-well heterostructures with stable excitonic resonances up to room temperature. In this work strong lightmatter coupling in 2D perovskite single-crystal flakes is observed, and the polarization-dependent exciton-polariton response is used to disclose new excitonic features. For the first time, an outof-plane component of the excitons is observed, unexpected for such 2D systems and completely absent in other layered materials, such as transition-metal dichalcogenides. By comparing different hybrid perovskites with the same inorganic layer but different organic interlayers, it is shown how the nature of the organic ligands controllably affects the out-of-plane exciton-photon coupling. Such vertical dipole coupling is particularly sought in those systems, e.g. plasmonic nanocavities, in which the direction of the field is usually orthogonal to the material sheet. Organic interlayers are shown to affect also the strong birefringence associated to the layered structure, which is exploited in this work to completely rotate the linear polarization degree in only few microns of propagation, akin to what happens in metamaterials.

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“…It is known that the linear birefringent effect exists in anisotropic media, where the phase accumulation of light is polarization‐dependent . This effect in planar photonics can be realized in anisotropic metasurfaces through artificial manipulation of isotropic surfaces or the unstructured natural films of anisotropic 2D materials . The latter possesses elliptic or even hyperbolic plasmon regimes that can be treated as ideal platforms for ultrathin linearly birefringent retarders .…”

Section: Plasmons In Anisotropic 2d Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Optical Properties and Plasmonics of Anisotropic 2D Materials

Wang

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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In the fast growing 2D materials family, anisotropic 2D materials, with their intrinsic in‐plane anisotropy, exhibit a great potential in optoelectronics. One such typical material is black phosphorus (BP), with a layer‐dependent and highly tunable bandgap. Such intrinsic anisotropy adds a new degree of freedom to the excitation, detection, and control of light. Particularly, hyperbolic plasmons with hyperbolic q‐space dispersion are predicted to exist in BP films, where highly directional propagating polaritons with divergent densities of states are hosted. Combined with a tunable electronic structure, such natural hyperbolic surfaces may enable a series of exotic applications in nanophotonics. Herein, the anisotropic optical properties and plasmons (especially hyperbolic plasmons) of BP are discussed. In addition, other possible 2D material candidates (especially anisotropic layered semimetals) for hyperbolic plasmons are examined. This review may stimulate further research interest in anisotropic 2D materials and fully unleash their potential in flatland photonics.

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Optical Waveplates Based on Birefringence of Anisotropic Two-Dimensional Layered Materials

Cited by 178 publications

References 60 publications

Optical Properties of 2D 3R Phase Niobium Disulfide and Its Applications as a Saturable Absorber

Optical Properties of 2D 3R Phase Niobium Disulfide and Its Applications as a Saturable Absorber

Tunable Out-of-Plane Excitons in 2D Single-Crystal Perovskites

The Optical Properties and Plasmonics of Anisotropic 2D Materials

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