Optically referenced broadband electronic synthesizer with 15 digits of resolution

Fortier, Tara M.; Rolland, Antoine; Quinlan, Franklyn; Baynes, Fred N.; Metcalf, Andrew J.; Hati, Archita; Ludlow, Andrew D.; Hinkley, N.; Shimizu, Mitsuaki; Ishibashi, Takayuki; Campbell, Joe C.; Diddams, Scott A.

doi:10.1002/lpor.201500307

Cited by 55 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…We compared the obtained phase noise of our precision tunable OEO with other frequency tunable synthesizers, including other types of tunable OEOs 19 – 21 , 23 , systems based on optical frequency combs 7 , and commercial frequency synthesizers based on RF technology (e.g. N5183B with low phase noise option from Keysight Technologies) (Table 1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A photonic frequency discriminator based on a two wavelength delayed self-heterodyne interferometer for low phase noise tunable micro/mm wave synthesis

Kuse¹,

Fermann²

2018

Sci Rep

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Low phase noise frequency synthesizers are of paramount interest in many areas of micro-mm wave technology, encompassing for example advanced wireless communication, radar, radio-astronomy, and precision instrumentation. Although this broad research field is not bereft of methods for the generation of either low phase noise micro- or mm waves, no universal system applicable to low phase noise generation for micro and mm waves has yet been demonstrated. Here we propose a new photonic frequency discriminator based on a two wavelength delayed self-heterodyne interferometer which is compatible with such an objective. The photonic frequency discriminator can be a reference both for micro and mm waves to lower their phase noise. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate a low phase noise tunable OEO (6–18 GHz) and locking of a heterodyne beat between two cw lasers (10–400 GHz) with low relative phase noise. The required components for the photonic frequency discriminator are off-the-shelf and can be readily assembled. We believe this new type of photonic frequency discriminator will enable a new generation of universal precision tunable sources for the X, K, V, W and mm-bands and beyond.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A photonic frequency discriminator based on a two wavelength delayed self-heterodyne interferometer for low phase noise tunable micro/mm wave synthesis

Kuse¹,

Fermann²

2018

Sci Rep

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“…With f ceo removed, this latter signal is achieved by dividing the optical beat (≈ 10.165 GHz) by N 1 /M ∼ 25, 900 or N 2 /M ∼ 28, 000 to scale the optical OFC noise on the N i th mode to M f rep . The f ceo -free optical beat acts as the clock source for a Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS, Analog Devices 9914), which divides the input by a factor of N i /M, while also exhibiting low residual phase noise 33 . Because the maximum input clock frequency of the AD9914 is 3.5 GHz, we first digitally divided the 10.165 GHz amplified optical beat by 4.…”

Section: Microwave Generation: Detection and Transfer Oscillator Elec...mentioning

confidence: 99%

10 GHz Generation with Ultra-Low Phase Noise via the Transfer Oscillator Technique

Nardelli¹,

Fortier²,

Pomponio³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Coherent frequency division of high-stability optical sources permits the extraction of microwave signals with ultralow phase noise, enabling their application to systems with stringent timing precision. To date, the highest performance systems have required tight phase stabilization of laboratory grade optical frequency combs to Fabry-Perot optical reference cavities for faithful optical-to-microwave frequency division. This requirement limits the technology to highlycontrolled laboratory environments. Here, we employ a transfer oscillator technique, which employs digital and RF analog electronics to coherently suppress additive optical frequency comb noise. This relaxes the stabilization requirements and allows for the extraction of multiple independent microwave outputs from a single comb, while at the same time, permitting low-noise microwave generation from combs with higher noise profiles. Using this method we transferred the phase stability of two high-Finesse optical sources at 1157 nm and 1070 nm to two independent 10 GHz signals using a single frequency comb. We demonstrated absolute phase noise below -106 dBc/Hz at 1-Hz from carrier with corresponding 1 second fractional frequency instability below 2 × 10 −15 . Finally, the latter phase noise levels were attainable for comb linewidths broadened up to 2 MHz, demonstrating the potential for out-of lab use with low SWaP lasers.

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“…This unique feature enables coherent phase linking among the optical, microwave, and terahertz regimes [8][9][10] . More importantly, the development of low-noise OFCs over the past two decades has experienced fascinating evolution, which facilitates advances of various applications such as ultra-low-noise microwave generation [11] , distance ranging [12][13][14] , and dual-comb spectroscopy [15,16] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber-delay-line-referenced optical frequency combs: three stabilization schemes

et al. 2022

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We demonstrate the stabilization of an optical frequency comb (OFC) using a segment of fiber delay line as a reference. A mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser is phase locked to a kilometer-long fiber delay line using three different schemes. The short-term stability of the comb modes in the OFC stabilized by these schemes is obviously enhanced, down to the 10 −12 level at millisecond average time. Among these three schemes, phase locking two bunches of comb modes in the OFC to the same fiber delay line exhibits the lowest residual phase noise. Fiber-delay-line-referenced OFCs can provide reliable laser sources in precise metrology owing to the advances of low cost, compactness, and high integration.

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Optically referenced broadband electronic synthesizer with 15 digits of resolution

Cited by 55 publications

References 86 publications

A photonic frequency discriminator based on a two wavelength delayed self-heterodyne interferometer for low phase noise tunable micro/mm wave synthesis

A photonic frequency discriminator based on a two wavelength delayed self-heterodyne interferometer for low phase noise tunable micro/mm wave synthesis

10 GHz Generation with Ultra-Low Phase Noise via the Transfer Oscillator Technique

Fiber-delay-line-referenced optical frequency combs: three stabilization schemes

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