Optimal design of divertor heat sink with different geometric configurations of sectorial extended surfaces

Powder Metallurgy Processing of a WxTaTiVCr High-Entropy Alloy and Its Derivative Alloys for Fusion Material Applications

“…For instance, the heat load on the divertor, a key component of the tokamak design 3 , 5 , is expected to increase to 10 MW/m 2 (steady state) and 20 MW/m 2 (transient for 10 seconds) 4 . The inner and outer vertical targets of the divertor, where the kinetic energy of plasma particles is converted into heat 6 , must withstand loads up to ~7–40 MJ/m 2 and ~4–25 MJ/m 2 , respectively, under plasma disruption 4 , 7 . Therefore, unprecedented thermal, mechanical and physical characteristics are required for fusion reactor materials 8 .…”

Thermal transfer analysis of tubes with extended surface with fractal design

“…The analysis of finite elements requires knowing the materials used to construct the tubes, such as graphite and carbon used for nanotubes of different diameters [1,8], brass [6] and its alloys [9], reinforced plastic fiber [5], which has good thermal properties and mechanical strength, and iron alloys with chrome [10]. Therefore, the relationships between materials and design of mechanical parts have improved the performance in industrial mechanisms [4,11,12]; for example, new structural designs, such as thin origami tubes have been created to improve energy absorption [6] and heat transfer (e.g., Vipertex tubes) [13], and to optimize extended surfaces that reduce costs and improve heat flow [9].…”

“…The analysis of finite elements requires knowing the materials used to construct the tubes, such as graphite and carbon used for nanotubes of different diameters [1,8], brass [6] and its alloys [9], reinforced plastic fiber [5], which has good thermal properties and mechanical strength, and iron alloys with chrome [10]. Therefore, the relationships between materials and design of mechanical parts have improved the performance in industrial mechanisms [4,11,12]; for example, new structural designs, such as thin origami tubes have been created to improve energy absorption [6] and heat transfer (e.g., Vipertex tubes) [13], and to optimize extended surfaces that reduce costs and improve heat flow [9]. Another variation in the design of extended surfaces is found on how the toothed fins are handled, that is, the height, thickness, and number of fins vary to evaluate the heat transfer flow between the environment and the fast reactors [10]; additionally, internal fins can be used to perform high-fast cooling [14,15] in the same way ultrasonic vibrations are used [16].…”