Optimal fabrication methods for miniature coplanar ion traps

Abstract

The optimized planar linear ion trap provides good resolution and the potential for further miniaturization. This was accomplished by vigorously testing variables associated with ion trap design including electrical connections, substrate materials, and electrode designs.

Improving the Performance of the Mini 2000 Mass Spectrometer with a Triboelectric Nanogenerator Electrospray Ionization Source

“…Until now, various kinds of miniature mass spectrometers have been developed rapidly, which mainly involve miniaturized mass analyzers, − ion transfer devices, and compact electronic and vacuum systems. − A miniaturized ion funnel could increase ion transfer efficiency. , Mass analyzers have also been miniaturized, which could help in terms of reducing the requirements of the electronic system, as well as increasing its tolerance to higher buffer gas pressures. − Ionization is the first step in mass spectrometry; the voltage applied is used to convert neutrals into gas-phase ions for mass analysis. − Conventional direct current (DC) high-voltage power creates ion sources suffering from inherent disadvantages, such as high cost, limited portability and safety concerns. − The recent demonstration that charge pulses can trigger an electrospray ionization (ESI) process provided a new method for developing highly convenient and robust devices to control the ionization process. − Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are one of the sustainable power sources that can transform mechanical energy into electricity. − Recently, TENG-driven ion sources for mass spectrometric analysis have been reported . Small organic molecules and biomolecules were all successfully detected by TENG-ESI MS. TENG ion sources not only improve the sensitivity of analysis but also avoid the destructive corona discharge phenomenon while electrospraying solutions with high surface tension under high voltages…”

Double resonance ejection using novel radiofrequency phase tracking circuitry in a miniaturized planar linear ion trap mass spectrometer

“…The planar linear ion trap (PLIT) shown in Figure is a coplanar trap developed at Brigham Young University (Provo, UT, USA) specifically for miniaturization and portable applications . In a coplanar trap, two planar substrates with patterned electrodes create a trapping region .…”

“…Fabrication of the PLIT began with two borosilicate glass substrates purchased through Specialty Glass Products (Willow Grove, PA, USA). The substrates featured alignment holes and a tapered ejection slit with an opening 500 micrometers wide on the trapping side. Aluminum was deposited through physical vapor deposition (PVD) then lithographically patterned and etched to form the electrode pattern shown in Figure B.…”