Optimal maintenance planning for sustainable energy efficiency lighting retrofit projects by a control system approach

2016

Energy

Self Cite

Measurement and Verification (M&V) has become an indispensable process in various incentive energy efficiency and demand side management (EEDSM) programmes to accurately and reliably measure and verify the project performance in terms of energy and/or cost savings. Due to the uncertain nature of the unmeasurable savings, there is an inherent trade-off between the M&V accuracy and M&V cost. In order to achieve the required M&V accuracy cost-effectively, we propose a combined spatial and longitudinal metering cost minimisation (MCM) model to assist the design of optimal M&V metering plans, which minimises the metering cost whilst satisfying the required measurement and sampling accuracy of M&V. The objective function of the proposed MCM model is the M&V metering cost that covers the procurement, installation and maintenance of the metering system whereas the M&V accuracy requirements are formulated as the constraints. Optimal solutions to the proposed MCM model offer useful information in designing the optimal M&V metering plan. The advantages of the proposed MCM model are demonstrated by a case study of an EE lighting retrofit project and the model is widely applicable to other M&V lighting projects with different population sizes and sampling accuracy requirements.Keywords: Energy Efficiency, Lighting, M&V, Sampling. Nomenclature Variables

“…Eq. (7) is further applied in the design of optimal maintenance plans for lighting retrofit project population by a control system approach in [37].…”

Section: Lamp Population Decay Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal metering plan for measurement and verification on a lighting case study

2016

Energy

Self Cite

“…The focuses of energy efficiency retrofitting research at the current stage are the implementation of energy conservation technologies [1,2,3,4,5,6] and the optimization of retrofitting plans [7,8,9,10,11,12]. However, only a few studies have been conducted on the maintenance part of an energy efficiency project [13,14,15]. The asset maintenance for reliability purpose is a widely studied topic in the reliability engineering area, whereas the maintenance for energy efficiency purpose lacks exploration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main concern of these existing studies is the control of single machine or unit. Recently, Ye et al [15] investigates employing the control system approach to the optimal maintenance plan for energy efficiency lighting projects. This research focuses on the replacements of the malfunctioning lamps, where the population deterioration of the lamp groups, rather than the performances of individual lamps, are taken as the plant of the control system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal maintenance planning for building energy efficiency retrofitting from optimization and control system perspectives

Wang

2015

Energy and Buildings

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This paper discusses the maintenance plan optimization problem for the energy efficiency purpose in the building energy efficiency retrofitting context. A subproblem namely the Building Retrofitted Facilities Corrective Maintenance Planning (BRFCMP) problem is proposed, where the corrective maintenance for malfunctioning retrofitted items are involved. The aggregate performances of the homogeneous retrofitted item groups, instead of the individual item performances, are the main consideration of the optimization issue. An aggregate population level optimization model is proposed to address the BRFCMP problem. When further taking into account the uncertainties, the optimization problem is cast into an optimal control problem to reduce the consequent adverse impact, given the dynamic nature of the aggregate performances of the item groups during operation. Both the optimization and control system approaches are applied to solve the BRFCMP problem without or considering uncertainties. An actual building retrofitting project is used as the case study to investigate the important role of maintenance to the building energy efficiency. The effectiveness of the proposed approaches is verified by simulation results.

“…Such items have same energy savings and can be characterized by the same MSS model. Practically, this assumption is easy to implement such as lighting is grouped according to installations in offices, public areas and board rooms [3]. The general theoretical robustness of this hypothesis in practice yet remains an open problem that requires further exploration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this way, the performance dynamics, namely maintenance dynamics, is interpreted as a control system. The maintenance plan optimization problem is cast into an optimal control problem, where control approaches can be introduced to facilitate the maintenance planning [3], [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multistate-Based Control System Approach Toward Optimal Maintenance Planning

Wang

IEEE Trans. Contr. Syst. Technol.

2017

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Abstract-This paper incorporates the multi-state system into a control system approach to address the maintenance plan optimization problem. The maintenance plan focuses on the totality of a set of items. A building energy efficiency retrofitting context is employed, where the retrofitted items are categorized into several homogeneous groups. The homogeneous group population dynamics and the aggregate performance dynamics under the impacts of multistate deteriorations and maintenances are for-mulated as a control system model. Thereafter, the maintenance planning optimization is cast into an optimal control problem. An MPC based approach is employed to solve the optimal control problem with system uncertainties. A case study is conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the present approach.Index Terms-Maintenance plan optimization, Multi-state system, Control system modelling, Model predictive control.