Optimal Orientation and Tilt Angle for Maximizing in-Plane Solar Irradiation for PV Applications in Japan

Yu, Cao; Khoo, Yong Sheng; Chai, Jinchun; Han, Shuwei; Yao, Jianxi

doi:10.3390/su11072016

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Although operators cannot control the water demands in urban WPN as they do in irrigation systems, this did not avoid the use of photovoltaic technology to supply pumping devices in many regions of the world such as the USA [27,28], India [29], Finland [30], Brazil [31], Malaysia [32], and Spain [33]. In areas with high potential (semi-arid regions and high irradiation levels), many practitioners implement this technology for sizing PV systems [34][35][36][37], minimizing the number of PV modules [38], optimizing the tilt angle [39,40], and comparing the environmental and economic impacts of supplying pumps with electricity grids or PV cells [41]. Photovoltaic systems may influence the voltage quality in electricity grids [42], affecting the voltage profile and harmonic distortion of the current and voltage, although some customer-side energy storage systems can make voltage management more economical [43], we proposed using the energy produced in pumping devices that may work as a standalone system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standalone Photovoltaic Direct Pumping in Urban Water Pressurized Networks with Energy Storage in Tanks or Batteries

2020

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Photovoltaic energy production is nowadays one of the hottest topics in the water industry as this green energy source is becoming more and more workable in countries like Spain, with high values of irradiance. In water pressurized systems supplying urban areas, they distribute energy consumption in pumps throughout the day, and it is not possible to supply electromechanical devices without energy storages such as batteries. Additionally, it is not possible to manage energy demand for water consumption. Researchers and practitioners have proven batteries to be reliable energy storage systems, and are undertaking many efforts to increase their performance, capacity, and useful life. Water pressurized networks incorporate tanks as devices used for accumulating water during low consumption hours while releasing it in peak hours. The compensation tanks work here as a mass and energy source in water pressurized networks supplied with photovoltaic arrays (not electricity grids). This work intends to compare which of these two energy storage systems are better and how to choose between them considering that these two systems involve running the network as a standalone pumping system without being connected to electricity grids. This work also calculates the intermediate results, considering both photovoltaic arrays and electricity grids for supplying electricity to pumping systems. We then analyzed these three cases in a synthetic network (used in earlier research) considering the effect of irradiation and water consumption, as we did not state which should be the most unfavorable month given that higher irradiance coincides with higher water consumption (i.e., during summer). Results show that there is no universal solution as energy consumption depends on the network features and that energy production depends very much on latitude. We based the portfolio of alternatives on investments for purchasing different equipment at present (batteries, pipelines, etc.) based on economic criteria so that the payback period is the indicator used for finding the best alternative, which is the one with the lowest value.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standalone Photovoltaic Direct Pumping in Urban Water Pressurized Networks with Energy Storage in Tanks or Batteries

2020

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“…In the water industry, many works have been performed in pressurized water networks [19,[29][30][31] and in pressurized irrigation networks [32][33][34] where the energy consumption profiles influence the PV installation [35][36][37]. Many approaches have focused on energy production optimizing the tilt angle [38][39][40][41], by analyzing the shadows' influence on this energy production [42][43][44], or obtaining the influence of cleaning in energy production [45], while others have focused on the viability of energy storage in batteries [20,44,46,47] or the maximization of the battery charge [48] or the influence of electric cost in the batteries' dimension and feasibility [49]. Battery storage methods have been shown to be the most effective choice for the cost study presented with the lowest payback periods, but we should also consider their management and replacement [48,50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Converting a Water Pressurized Network in a Small Town into a Solar Power Water System

Pardo

Fernández²,

Jódar-Abellán

2020

Energies

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The efficient management of water and energy is one challenge for managers of water pressurized systems. In a scheme with high pressure on the environment, solar power appears as an opportunity for nonrenewable energy expenditure reduction and emissions elimination. In Spain, new legislation that eliminates old taxes associated with solar energy production, a drop in the cost of solar photovoltaic modules, and higher values of irradiance has converted solar powered water systems into one of the trendiest topics in the water industry. One alternative to store energy (compulsory in standalone photovoltaic systems) when managing pressurized urban water networks is the use of head tanks (tanks accumulate water during the day and release it at night). This work intends to compare the pressurized network running as a standalone system and a hybrid solution that incorporates solar energy supply and electricity grids. The indicator used for finding the best choice is the net present value for the solar power water system lifespan. This study analyzed the possibility of transferring the energy surplus obtained at midday to the electricity grid, a circumstance introduced in the Spanish legislation since April 2019. We developed a real case study in a small town in the Alicante Province, whose findings provide planning policymakers with very useful information in this case and similar case studies

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“…The authors concluded that adjusting tilt angles six times per year harvests 99.5% of the solar radiation that could be achieved with daily PV panel adjustment [43]. Yu et al [13] established a database to optimize the PV applications in Japan. The authors focused on the orientations and inclinations of installing PV modules as two major factors to achieve the aim of their study, while Han and Kim [44] developed an optimization-based framework to design renewable energy systems for the residential sector in Korea.…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although several aspects regarding the performance and design of PV modules have been examined in the literature, a systematic procedure for the assessment of critical performance and design parameters for installation of PV modules that can be easily accessed by practitioners is required, particularly, the orientation and inclination parameters [13]. In an attempt to address this, factorial design analysis, along with a visualization aid, for designing solar energy systems for buildings are adopted in order to assess and choose the best installation of PV modules at various inclinations and orientations on roofs and elevations of buildings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framework for a Systematic Parametric Analysis to Maximize Energy Output of PV Modules Using an Experimental Design

et al. 2019

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Use of photovoltaic modules in buildings has been reported to be an effective tool in managing energy consumption. The novelty in the research herein is in a framework that integrates different performance parameters through the use of an experimental design to expect all variables via linear regression analysis. An emphasis is placed on making the method readily available to practitioners and experts in the area of renewable energy, using standard procedure and easily accessible software. This work empowers the decision-making process and sustainability through a parametric analysis of the installation of photovoltaic modules to increase their energy output towards nearly zero energy buildings. A case study of a group of photovoltaic modules is examined in four cities with different locations and climate data to validate the proposed framework. Results demonstrate that the installation of photovoltaic modules on the mounted roof is better than elevations, and the vertical installation of modules is the worst possible inclination to maximize the yielded energy. The impact of inclination is higher than orientation in influencing the energy productivity of photovoltaic modules. This work specifies integrating such modules mounted on roofs and elevations towards the equator line, by a proportion of inclination/latitude equal to 85 ± 3%, to maximize the energy output.

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Optimal Orientation and Tilt Angle for Maximizing in-Plane Solar Irradiation for PV Applications in Japan

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Standalone Photovoltaic Direct Pumping in Urban Water Pressurized Networks with Energy Storage in Tanks or Batteries

Standalone Photovoltaic Direct Pumping in Urban Water Pressurized Networks with Energy Storage in Tanks or Batteries

Converting a Water Pressurized Network in a Small Town into a Solar Power Water System

Framework for a Systematic Parametric Analysis to Maximize Energy Output of PV Modules Using an Experimental Design

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