Optimization and sizing of a fuel cell range extender vehicle for passenger car applications in driving cycle conditions

Molina, Santiago; Novella, Ricardo; Plá, Benjamín; Lopez-Juarez, M.

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116469

Cited by 35 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…the FCS model used was developed on previous work for automotive applications [8,9] and scaled down for the activities performed in this study. It consists of an FC stack together with all the components required for the management of the flows going to and coming from the stack, i.e., the balance of plant (BoP).…”

Section: Fuel Cell System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From preliminary calculations with the aerodynamic model, it was estimated that around 18 kW of net power would be required for cruise operation. As such, since around 20% of the maximum power of the stack is lost due to electrochemical losses and the BoP consumption at high load, 40 kW of maximum power was chosen to allow the FC stack to operate in the low-tomedium current density region where its efficiency is close to optimum and to have an additional margin when extra power is required [8]. the FC stack model was then integrated together with the models of the components of the BoP, thus conforming the FCS (figure 3).…”

Section: Fuel Cell System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2  MW H 2 a refrigerant pump, as in most automotive applications. to know the detailed specifications of the BoP as well as the security limits and the anode and cathode stoichiometries the reader can refer to previous studies [8,9]. the air management (e-compressor and cathode outlet valve control) was then optimized at different altitudes so that the operating cathode pressure and stoichiometry are optimum for any current density and altitude.…”

Section: Fuel Cell System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…this made the operation of the BoP close to optimum since the power consumption of the components used for the air management entails most of the BoP power consumption. the rest of the components (H 2 and coolant pumps) had almost negligible power consumption [8,9]. therefore, their operation was adjusted to ensure the safe operation of the stack by keeping its overall temperature close to 75°C and the anode stoichiometry around 3 to avoid starvation that could imply the FC accelerated degradation and performance decay.…”

Section: Fuel Cell System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility Study for a Fuel Cell-Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with a 75 Kg Payload

Desantes

Novella

García-Cuevas

et al. 2022

Transactions on Aerospace Research

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Among the possible electric powerplants currently driving low-payload UAVs (up to around 10 kg of payload), batteries offer certain clear benefits, but for medium-payload operation such as aerotaxis and heavy-cargo transportation UAVs, battery capacity requirements restrict their usage due to high weight and volume. In light of this situation, fuel cell (FC) systems (FCS) offer clear benefits over batteries for the medium-payload UAV segment (> 50 kg). Nevertheless, studies regarding the application of FCS powerplants to this UAV segment are limited and the in-flight performance has not been clearly analysed. In order to address this knowledge gap, a feasibility analysis of these particular applications powered by FCS is performed in this study. A validated FC stack model (40 kW of maximum power) was integrated into a balance of plant to conform an FCS. As a novelty, the management of the FCS was optimized to maximize the FCS efficiency at different altitudes up to 12500 ft, so that the operation always implies the lowest H2 consumption regardless of the altitude. In parallel, an UAV numerical model was developed based on the ATLANTE vehicle and characterized by calculating the aerodynamic coefficients through CFD simulations. Then, both models were integrated into a 0D-1D modelling platform together with an energy management strategy optimizer algorithm and a suitable propeller model. With the preliminary results obtained from the FCS and UAV models, it was possible to ascertain the range and endurance of the vehicle. As a result, it was concluded that the combination of both technologies could offer a range over 600 km and an endurance over 5 h. Finally, with the integrated UAV-FCS model, a flight profile describing a medium altitude, medium endurance mission was designed and used to analyse the viability of FC-powered UAV. The results showed how UAVs powered by FCS are viable for the considered aircraft segment, providing competitive values of specific range and endurance.

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Section: Fuel Cell System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fuel Cell System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fuel Cell System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fuel Cell System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Feasibility Study for a Fuel Cell-Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with a 75 Kg Payload

Desantes

Novella

García-Cuevas

et al. 2022

Transactions on Aerospace Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At present, hydrogen fuel is the most rapidly developing fuel technology with minimal exhaust emissions and low CO 2 emissions [1]. Its use is now possible both in internal combustion engines [2] as well as in fuel cells [3,4]. Although internal combustion engines have been on the market for many years, their overall efficiency remains lower than that of a stack of fuel cells [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Generations of Hydrogen Powertrain—An Analysis of the Operational Indicators in Real Driving Conditions (RDC)

Pielecha

Szałek²,

Tchorek

2022

Energies

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Hydrogen fuel cells are systems that can be successfully used to partially replace internal combustion propulsion systems. For this reason, the article presents an operational analysis of energy flow along with an analysis of individual energy transmission systems. Two generations of the Toyota Mirai vehicle were used for the tests. The operational analyses were carried out on the same route (compliant with RDE test requirements), assessing the system’s operation in three driving sections (urban, rural and motorway). Both generations of the drive system with fuel cells are quite different, which affects the obtained individual systems operation results as well as the overall energy flow. Research was carried out on the energy flow in the fuel cells, FC converter, battery and electric motor using a dedicated data acquisition system. The analyses were carried out in relation to the energy of fuel cells, battery energy and recovered braking energy. It was found that in the urban drive section of the second-generation system (due to its much larger mass), a slightly higher energy consumption value was obtained (by about 2%). However, in the remaining phases of the test, consumption was lower (the maximum difference was 18% in the rural phase). Total energy consumption in the research test was 19.64 kWh/100 km for the first-generation system compared to 18.53 kWh/100 km for the second-generation system. Taking into account the increased mass of the second-generation vehicle resulted in significantly greater benefits in the second-generation drive (up to 37% in individual drive sections and about 28% in the entire drive test).

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Adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy and its fast implementation of energy management for fuel cell electric vehicles

Cheng

Zhu

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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The equivalent consumption minimization strategy is widely used in real-time energy optimization for fuel cell electric vehicles due to its approximate optimality and good real-time performance. However, equivalent factors have always been difficult to select in the research of this algorithm, and the existing methods have insufficient adaptability and robustness. In this paper, an equivalent factor predictor based on a neural network is proposed, which can predict the equivalent factor in real time by considering various operating conditions and vehicle states. In addition, we improve the real-time performance of the equivalent consumption minimum strategy. A new method to quickly solve the continuous optimal solution of the algorithm by transforming the objective function into the quadratic function of the control variable is studied. Simulation and experimental results show that the designed equivalent consumption minimization strategy can ensure state of charge of the battery in a better range, and the energy saving effect is approximately 3% more than that of dynamic programming and 8% to 10% less than that of the traditional rule algorithm. Finally, the proposed method saves 2 to 3 orders of magnitude in computation time compared with the traditional equivalent consumption minimum strategy.

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Optimization and sizing of a fuel cell range extender vehicle for passenger car applications in driving cycle conditions

Cited by 35 publications

References 33 publications

Feasibility Study for a Fuel Cell-Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with a 75 Kg Payload

Feasibility Study for a Fuel Cell-Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with a 75 Kg Payload

Two Generations of Hydrogen Powertrain—An Analysis of the Operational Indicators in Real Driving Conditions (RDC)

Adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy and its fast implementation of energy management for fuel cell electric vehicles

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