Optimization of battery charging and purchasing at electric vehicle battery swap stations

Worley, Owen; Klabjan, Diego

doi:10.1109/vppc.2011.6043182

Cited by 52 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Typically, without the limitation of external conditions, the rule of "First-In First-Out" is applied as the charging strategy of BSS, i.e., the swapped batteries are charged as soon as possible to satisfy the swapping demand in the next period [21]. However, this may result in the increase of system load peak-valley ratio and reduce the benefit of DisCo.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Bss Participating In Demand Side Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the original charging power of BSS is the upper boundary of BSS negative dispatchable power in each period. Moreover, to ensure the actual charging power of BSS is integer multiples of charger's rated power, the dispatched power also must be integer multiples of charger's rated power, shown as:´p R.t "´N p w ď p or.t (21) where N is an integer between [´N w.max , N w.max ] in which N w.max denotes the maximum number of chargers in BSS. The flowchart of the proposed bi-level model is shown in Figure 3 in which the items marked in grey are the added ones in this bi-level model compared with the traditional BSS planning model.…”

Section: Lower-level Optimization Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Method to Plan the Capacity and Location of Battery Swapping Station for Electric Vehicle Considering Demand Side Management

Liu

Niu

et al. 2016

Sustainability

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Compared to electric vehicle (EV) charging mode, battery swapping mode can realize concentrated and orderly charging. Therefore battery swapping stations (BSS) can participate in the demand side management (DSM) as an integrated form. In this context, a new method to plan the capacity and location of BSS for EV, considering DSM, is proposed in this paper. Firstly, based on the original charging power of BSS with the rule of "First-In First-Out", a bi-level optimal configuration model of BSS, in which net profit of BSS is maximized in the upper model and operating cost of Distribution Company is minimized in the lower model, is developed to decide the rated power, number of batteries, contract pricing and dispatched power of BSS for DSM. Then, the optimal locating model of BSS with the objective of minimizing network loss is built. A mesh adaptive direct search algorithm with YALMIP toolbox is applied to optimize the bi-level model. Simulation calculation was carried on IEEE-33 nodes distribution system and the results show that participating in DSM can improve the economic benefits of both BSS and distribution network and promote the consumption of distributed generation, verifying the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Section: Mechanism Of Bss Participating In Demand Side Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lower-level Optimization Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Method to Plan the Capacity and Location of Battery Swapping Station for Electric Vehicle Considering Demand Side Management

Liu

Niu

et al. 2016

Sustainability

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“…In that sense the reference [56] represents a valuable initial effort on the topic. The overall system design and evaluation can be extended to potentially viable EV fleet system based on battery swapping stations [57,58], where the EV batteries can be quickly replaced instead of being subject of relatively slow onvehicle charging.…”

Section: Integrated Optimization Of Ev Routing and Chargingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Electric Vehicles into Energy and Transport Systems

2015

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There is a strong tendency of development and application of different types of electric vehicles (EV). This can clearly be beneficial for transport systems in terms of making it more efficient, cleaner, and quieter, as well as for energy systems due to the grid load leveling and renewable energy sources exploitation opportunities. The latter can be achieved only through application of smart EV charging technologies that strongly rely on application of optimization methods. For the development of both EV architectures and controls and charging optimization methods, it is important to gain the knowledge about driving cycle features of a particular EV fleet. To this end, the paper presents an overview of (i) electric vehicle architectures, modeling, and control system optimization and design; (ii) experimental characterization of vehicle fleet behaviors and synthesis of representative driving cycles; and (iii) aggregate-level modeling and charging optimization for EV fleets, with emphasis on freight transport.Key words: Charging, Driving cycles, Electric vehicles, Fleet, Modelling, Optimization Integracija električnih vozila u energetske i transportne sustave. U novije vrijeme postoji izražena težnja za razvojem i korištenjem različitih tipova električnih vozila. Ovo može biti korisno sa stanovišta transportnih sustava u smislu omogućavanja efikasnijeg,čišćeg, i tišeg transporta, kao i iz perspektive energetskih sustava zbog dodatnih potencijala za poravnanje opterećenja mreže i iskorištenje obnovljivih izvora energije. Potonje može biti ostvareno samo kroz korištenje tehnologija naprednog punjenja električnih vozila, koje sečesto temelje na primjeni optimizacijskih postupaka. Za razvoj prikladnih konfiguracija, upravljačkih sustava te metoda pametnog punjenja električnih vozila, potrebno je steći uvid u značajke voznih ciklusa razmatrane flote električnih vozila. Imajući u vidu navedeno,članak predstavlja pregled (i) konfiguracija i modeliranja električnih vozila, te optimiranja i sinteze njihova upravljačkog sustava; (ii) eksperimentalne karakterizacije ponašanja flote vozila i sinteze reprezentativnih voznih ciklusa; te (iii) modeliranja i optimiranja punjenja flote električnih vozila na agregatnom nivou, s naglaskom na teretni transport.

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“…[10] have shown that the proposed analytical BSS placement technique can be used to obtain the best location of BSS which can effectively avoid the higher power loss increment in the distribution network; Ref. [12,13] found optimal numbers and locations for public charging stations and BSS and prove electric miles and trips could be significantly increased with a reasonable infrastructure investment. For the other, Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[14] studied strategies for the BSS to buy and sell the electricity through the day-ahead market; Ref. [15] proposed an energy management model focused on how to satisfy demands of electric vehicles with lowest cost in electricity markets, being the key issue of lowering operating costs of BSS. Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal configuration of EV battery swapping station considering service availability

Liu

Huang

et al. 2014

2014 International Conference on Intelligent Green Building and Smart Grid (IGBSG)

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Battery swapping becomes one of the most important ways to supply the energy for electric vehicles (EVs), since it takes a short time to recharge and is convenient in managing. It leads to growing popularity of the EVs to develop the battery swapping station (BSS). This paper investigates the optimization of the number of EV battery (EVB) packs and the chargers of the station. The structure of the station system and the operation strategy of "charging immediately after swapping" is first talked about. Then, the number of EVB packs in different states is analyzed based on the aforementioned strategy. We build a mathematical model which has the objective of uniform annual value of the facilities' cost, and restrictions of the size of the station and the demand of availability of battery swapping service per day (ABSSD). The mathematical model is solved with DE algorithm. The optimization method is configured and proved to be rational by results of a case analyzed. The research provides support for configuration plan of BSS.

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Optimization of battery charging and purchasing at electric vehicle battery swap stations

Cited by 52 publications

References 30 publications

A New Method to Plan the Capacity and Location of Battery Swapping Station for Electric Vehicle Considering Demand Side Management

A New Method to Plan the Capacity and Location of Battery Swapping Station for Electric Vehicle Considering Demand Side Management

Integration of Electric Vehicles into Energy and Transport Systems

Optimal configuration of EV battery swapping station considering service availability

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