Optimization of constant power control of wind turbines to provide power reserves

Abstract

Abstract-In several countries, the wind power penetration increased tremendously in the last years. As the current wind turbines do not participate in frequency control nor reserve provision, this may compromise the proper functioning of the primary control and the provision of power reserves. If no actions are taken, increasing levels of wind penetration may result in serious problems concerning the stable operation of the power system. This paper focuses on the provision of power reserves by wind turbines. For this service, the constant power control strategy is chosen as control strategy, as it gives a constant power output and has the ability to provide power reserves. In this way, the wind turbine behaves more like a conventional power plant. The choice of the power reference value is crucial as it determines whether or not a stable operation of the wind turbine is possible and power reserves can be provided. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed to obtain the range of possible reference values. By means of simulations, the optimal reference value to provide power reserves with a single wind turbine is obtained. Also, reserve provision in a wind farm is investigated. It is shown that the provision of power reserves with wind turbines using the constant power strategy is possible, especially in wind farms.

A Flexible Dispatch Margin for Wind Integration

“…The use of slower moving demand response resources is modeled assuming that slower responding flexible demand resources are less expensive than the faster responding resources (any expensive, slow to respond resource would not be economically viable). As defined fully in [20], the demand response decision framework seeks to minimize the total cost of using demand response resources according to (6) where is the total cost of using demand response, are the hour-ahead and 10-min market stages, represents the wind forecast error and represents the percentage of that forecast error to mitigate with demand response resources at the given market stage. Optimal values, representing the fraction of expected wind generation shortfall mitigated by demand response, are not constant across time scales.…”

Model Predictive Control With a Cascaded Hammerstein Neural Network of a Wind Turbine Providing Frequency Containment Reserve

“…The purpose of this study is to improve the capability of an offshore floating wind turbine in providing FCR, based on cooperation between the torque and the pitch controller, by taking advantage of data-driven techniques and optimal predictive control. The primary reserve is achieved through a balance type control, where an absolute power set-point is chosen below the available power [6], [7], [30]. In this case, the turbine will produce maximum output power up to the desired power set-point and responds to the grid frequency changes by tracking the reference power through optimal performance of pitch and torque.…”

Frequency Support of Smart Grid Using Fuzzy Logic-Based Controller for Wind Energy Systems

“…Participating in frequency control can be implemented by adjusting the conventional control techniques of WES systems [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Different control methods, and approaches have been implemented to adjust the frequency of a power system during frequency fluctuation [15,16].…”