Optimization of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry with the aid of experimental design for simultaneous determination of heavy metals in natural waters

Sereshti, Hassan; Khojeh, Vahid; Samadi, Soheila

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2010.10.052

Cited by 129 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Extraction and determination of the studied metal ions in wastewater and alloy samples by the proposed method was compared with other methods [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] and the results are shown in Table 4. It can be seen from Table 4 that extraction time in the in situ IL-DLLME procedure is very short and only 7 min are needed before instrumental analysis.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Traces of Ni, Cu, and Zn in Wastewater and Alloy Samples by Flame-AAS after Ionic Liquid-Based Dispersive Liquid Phase Microextraction

Zare-Shahabadi

Asaadi

Abbasitabar

et al. 2016

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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A procedure has been developed for simultaneous separation/preconcentration of copper, nickel, and zinc based on in situ ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method as a prior step to their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The analytes reacted with sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate at pH 7 to form hydrophobic chelates, which were separated and preconcentrated in the ionic liquid phase. The method is fast, simple, accurate, and environmentally friendly. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of the proposed method such as the pH of sample solution, centrifugation time, type and volume of the dispersive solvent, and the salt effect were studied. Enrichment factors of 61.8, 61.2, and 40.0 and detection limits of 0.79, 0.93, and 0.71 µg L -1 were obtained for copper, nickel, and zinc, respectively. The relative standard deviations based on six replicate measurements were between 1.0 and 2.7%. The method was successfully applied to the extraction and determination of these metals in wastewater and alloy samples.Keywords: dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, nickel, zinc, copper, ionic liquid, sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate IntroductionIn the priority list of Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Ni is at rank 57, Zn at 75, and Cu at 118.1 Nickel is essential for many biological activities such as activation of some enzymes and enhancement of insulin activity. 2 Copper plays important roles in metabolism, including antioxidant effects, energy generation and incorporation of Fe into hemoglobin.3 Zinc also has an important role in various biological systems, such as gene expression, protein-protein interaction, and neurotransmission. 4 Although nickel, copper, and zinc come into the category of essential trace elements, when they are taken at high levels, they can also produce toxic effects. 5-8Thus, determination and monitoring of these toxic metals in industrial effluent, biological samples and food stuff are of prime concern.The trace elements level in samples to be analyzed are sometimes lower than the detection limit of analytical instruments such as flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) and graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS).9,10 Therefore, a suitable sample pretreatment step is a required step prior to the analysis. Several techniques including solid phase extraction, 11,12 liquid-liquid extraction, [13][14][15][16] cloud point extraction, 17-19 and co-precipitation 20,21 have been employed to solve this issue. Most of these techniques suffer from limitations that limit their application. Some examples of these limitations include significant chemical additives, solvent losses, large secondary wastes, unsatisfactory enrichment factors, complex equipment, and high time consumption.Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) overcomes some of the drawbacks of old sample preparation techniques. [22][23][24] It is simple, fast, and does n...

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Section: Comparison With Other Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Traces of Ni, Cu, and Zn in Wastewater and Alloy Samples by Flame-AAS after Ionic Liquid-Based Dispersive Liquid Phase Microextraction

Zare-Shahabadi

Asaadi

Abbasitabar

et al. 2016

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…The adjusted-R 2 is adjusted for the number of terms in the model. It decreases as the number of terms in the model increases if those additional terms do not add value to the model [21]. It is equal to 0.865.…”

Section: Optimization Design Of the Effective Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Determination of Bismuth, Lead, and Iron in Water Samples by Optimization of USAEME and ICP–OES via Experimental Design

2018

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Ultrasound-assisted emulsification-microextraction followed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry was utilized for simultaneous pre-concentration and trace detection of lead, bismuth, and iron in water samples. Disodium N,N ′ -bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine and trichloroethylene were used as chelating agent and extraction solvent, respectively. The parameters of interest were volume of extraction solvent, temperature, and concentrations of salt and chelating agent. A fractional factorial design was developed to identify these parameters and how they vary with one another. The results demonstrated that the concentrations of salt and chelating agent affected extraction efficiency. Subsequently, a central-composite design was used to acquire optimum levels of effective parameters. The optimal conditions were 160.7 mg L −1 and 1.77% (w/v) for concentration of chelating agent and salt, respectively. The linear dynamic ranges were determined to be 1-1000 μ g L −1 for Pb and Bi, and 10-1000 μg L , n = 8 ) was in the range of 2.0-4.3%. This method was successfully applied for the trace detection of Pb, Bi, and Fe in freshwater samples of waterfall and spring and satisfactory relative recoveries (96.2-99.6%) were obtained.

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“…Taking into account that DDTC is not a selective reagent, it is necessary to select a sufficient amount of this reagent to assure the complexation of analyte [22,23]. It is important to mention that several elements are present in wine samples and they could be extracted (even that unintentionally) within the analyte.…”

Section: Concentration Of Chelating Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for extraction and preconcentration of Cu and Fe in red and white wine and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

Seeger

Rosa

Bizzi

et al. 2015

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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Optimization of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry with the aid of experimental design for simultaneous determination of heavy metals in natural waters

Cited by 129 publications

References 17 publications

Determination of Traces of Ni, Cu, and Zn in Wastewater and Alloy Samples by Flame-AAS after Ionic Liquid-Based Dispersive Liquid Phase Microextraction

Determination of Traces of Ni, Cu, and Zn in Wastewater and Alloy Samples by Flame-AAS after Ionic Liquid-Based Dispersive Liquid Phase Microextraction

Simultaneous Determination of Bismuth, Lead, and Iron in Water Samples by Optimization of USAEME and ICP–OES via Experimental Design

Feasibility of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for extraction and preconcentration of Cu and Fe in red and white wine and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

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