Optimization of homogenization-sonication technique for the production of cellulose nanocrystals from cotton linter

The valorization of municipal grass waste for the extraction of cellulose nanocrystals

“…However, it should be note that the increase of around 18% of the crystallinity was found in the present study. Besides, the increased percentage is similar to other reported literature such as 20% increased for CNCs produced from cotton, 31 and 22% increased for CNCs prepared from sisal. 33 Jiang & Hsieh 43 and Danial et al 23 reported the increase of only 10-12% crystallinity for the CNCs produced from tomato peels cellulose and wastepaper, respectively.…”

“…Despite can be derived from various sources; the selection of the cellulose precursor for the extraction of CNCs has been actively investigated. As commonly reported in the literature, the extraction of CNCs were usually carried out by utilizing cellulosic-based materials such as waste papers, [22][23][24][25][26] wood pulps, 27,28 cellulose powder, 29 microcrystalline cellulose, 30 cotton, 31 hemp, 32 and sisal. 33 However, all these sources have their signicant manufacturing cycle in production of cellulose or recycling industries.…”

Thin films of cellulose acetate nanofibers from cigarette butt waste

“…35,39 It is suggested in literature that the high surface area of cellulose nanofibers contribute to the wider degradation behavior of the samples, and to the lower onset temperature of degradation. 37 The DTG curve shown in Figure 3(b) helps in identification of the degradation temperature of CA purified and TFCAN. CA purified and TFCAN-electrospinning have a degradation temperature of 358°C and 353°C, respectively, due to decomposition of the polymer chains to dehydrated and volatile compounds.…”

“…34,35 The degradation behavior is more complex, and it has been observed in CA samples when Ni(NO 3 ) 2 is added to the polymer 34 and when CA composites with Mg-Al are analyzed in nitrogen. 33 The degradation behavior of the TFCAN-acid hydrolysis has been also observed in CNC samples [36][37][38][39] due to the presence of sulfate groups, leading to desulfation of the samples. 35,39 It is suggested in literature that the high surface area of cellulose nanofibers contribute to the wider degradation behavior of the samples, and to the lower onset temperature of degradation.…”

A Review on Surface-Functionalized Cellulosic Nanostructures as Biocompatible Antibacterial Materials

“…The most common recipe to synthesize acid-hydrolyzed CNCs is mixing 64 wt% sulfuric acid with cellulose in a ratio of 8.75-17.5 mL g −1 at 45 °C for 25-45 min [89]. Sulfuric acid cleaves and dissolves the amorphous chains of cellulose fibers, freeing up the crystalline parts as CNCs [90,91]. The CNCs produced by this method are negatively charged and form a stable colloidal suspension, although their thermal stability is lower compared to that of cellulose [92].…”