Optimization of Hot Press Forging Parameters in Direct Recycling of Aluminium Chip (AA 6061)

Lajis, Mohd Amri; Khamis, Siti Salwa; Yusuf, Nur Kamilah

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.622-623.223

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…To further optimize the energy consumption in hot forging, the two intermediate processes of cold-compact and preheating can be eliminated. Studies by Yusuf et al 63 and Lajis et al 64 incorporated optimization of process factors through the response surface method (RSM) to identify and obtain the best setting results in optimal UTS. The hot forging was carried out on AA6061-T6 chips.…”

Section: Miscellaneous Methods In Direct Recycling Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-state recycling of light metals: A review

Shamsudin

Lajis

Zhong

2016

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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This article provides an intensive review of the past and current research work on the solid-state recycling of light metals. The review includes an experimental aspect of the relevant works that clearly clarify the effects of several critical factors noted as chip preparation, reinforcing phases, die geometry, process parameter selection and performance of miscellaneous methods over the quality of the extruded profiles. Likewise, reviews of numerical and analytical works on the solid-state recycling were presented to understand the strengthening phenomena of chip-based billet through the plastic deformation. Finally, concluding remarks underline challenges of direct recycling method and subsequently highlight the potential future work on making the method as a promising alternative for sustainable manufacturing agenda.

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Section: Miscellaneous Methods In Direct Recycling Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-state recycling of light metals: A review

Shamsudin

Lajis

Zhong

2016

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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“…In conjunction with this, hot press showed promising alternative for recycling aluminium as the waste from the machining process [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. To validate this, a comparative analysis of an alternative material recycling route hot press process, starting from the same waste materials as the conventional re-melting technique, was studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot Press as a Sustainable Direct Recycling Technique of Aluminium: Mechanical Properties and Surface Integrity

2017

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Meltless recycling technique has been utilized to overcome the lack of primary resources, focusing on reducing the usage of energy and materials. Hot press was proposed as a novel direct recycling technique which results in astoundingly low energy usage in contrast with conventional recycling. The aim of this study is to prove the technical feasibility of this approach by characterizing the recycled samples. For this purpose, AA6061 aluminium chips were recycled by utilizing hot press process under various operating temperature (Ts = 430, 480, and 530 °C) and holding times (ts = 60, 90, and 120 min). The maximum mechanical properties of recycled chip are Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) = 266.78 MPa, Elongation to failure (ETF) = 16.129%, while, for surface integrity of the chips, the calculated microhardness is 81.744 HV, exhibited at Ts = 530 °C and ts = 120 min. It is comparable to theoretical AA6061 T4-temper where maximum UTS and microhardness is increased up to 9.27% and 20.48%, respectively. As the desired mechanical properties of forgings can only be obtained by means of a final heat treatment, T5-temper, aging after forging process was employed. Heat treated recycled billet AA6061 (T5-temper) are considered comparable with as-received AA6061 T6, where the value of microhardness (98.649 HV) at 175 °C and 120 min of aging condition was revealed to be greater than 3.18%. Although it is quite early to put a base mainly on the observations in experimental settings, the potential for significant improvement offered by the direct recycling methods for production aluminium scrap can be clearly demonstrated. This overtures perspectives for industrial development of solid state recycling processes as environmentally benign alternatives of current melting based practices.

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“…The specimen is produced using hot press forging of the direct recycling process. 25 This impact testing is proven useful to investigate the deformation behaviour of various metals and alloys undergoing finite stress, strain and strain-rate as well as widely adopted to validate constitutive models in this respective area. 26,27 This test is appropriate for the large-strain and high-strain rate mechanical behaviour examinations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental study on the deformation behaviour and fracture mode of recycled aluminium alloy AA6061-reinforced alumina oxide undergoing high-velocity impact

Nor

Janudin

2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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The anisotropic behaviour and the damage evolution of recycled aluminium alloy-reinforced alumina oxide are investigated in this paper using Taylor impact test. The test is performed at various impact velocity ranging from 190 to 360 m/s by firing a cylindrical projectile towards anvil target. The deformation behaviour and the fracture modes are analysed using the digitized footprint of the deformed specimens. The damage initiation and the progression are observed around the impact surface and the surface 0.5 cm from the impact area using the scanning electron microscope. The deformed specimens showed several ductile fracture modes of mushrooming, tensile splitting and petalling. The critical impact velocity is defined below 280 m/s. The specimens showed a strong strain-rate dependency due to the damage evolution that is driven by severe localized plastic-strain deformation. The scanning electron microscope analysis showed the damage mechanism progress via voids initiation, growth and coalescence in the material. The micrograph within the footprint surface shows the presence of alumina oxide particles within the specimen. The microstructure analysis shows a significant refinement of the specimen particle at the surface located 0.5 cm above the impact area. ImageJ software is adopted in this work to measure the average size of voids within this surface. Non-symmetrical (ellipse-shaped) footprint around the footprints showed plastic anisotropic behaviour. The results in this paper provide a better understanding of the deformation behaviour of recycled materials subjected to dynamic loading. This information on mechanical response is crucial before any potential application can be established to substitute the primary sources.

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Optimization of Hot Press Forging Parameters in Direct Recycling of Aluminium Chip (AA 6061)

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

Solid-state recycling of light metals: A review

Solid-state recycling of light metals: A review

Hot Press as a Sustainable Direct Recycling Technique of Aluminium: Mechanical Properties and Surface Integrity

An experimental study on the deformation behaviour and fracture mode of recycled aluminium alloy AA6061-reinforced alumina oxide undergoing high-velocity impact

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