Optimization of Mode-I Fracture Toughness of High-Performance Epoxies by Using Designed Core-Shell Rubber Particles

Sue, Hung‐Jue; Garcia‐Meitin, E. I.; Pickelman, Dale M.; Yang, Peilin

doi:10.1021/ba-1993-0233.ch010

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…Thus, the higher toughening effect of Cseries CSP on the epoxy resins compared to the L-series CSP was believed to be at least partly due to their small-scale coagulations uniformly dispersing in the epoxy network. It had also been reported by Sue et al 16 that when the CSP particles cluster locally, they can be mechanically treated as a large particle, and, consequently, the crack-deflection mechanism can be enhanced. Their observations were consistent with our experimental results that the toughening phase is better to disperse in such a way that it is globally randomly dispersed and locally coagulated in a small scale.…”

Section: Fracture Toughness and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Apparently, shellcrosslinked CSP (C-series) has a higher toughening effect than the core-crosslinked (L-series), although the latter had been used by many researchers to toughen the epoxy resins. 15,16 The CSP without containing epoxy groups (no chemical reaction with epoxy matrix) did not have much toughening effect on the epoxy resins. By increasing the content of GMA in the C-series CSP, the fracture energy of incorporated epoxy resins was increased until 16 mol % GMA (C3 CSP) was reached.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, it seemed to contradict with Sue's observation that chemical bonding of CSP to the epoxy matrix did not significantly contribute to the toughening performance. 16 Noteworthily, the systems they used were the core-crosslinked CSP instead of the shell-crosslinked CSP. The corecrosslinked CSP were more rigid and deformed less prior to fracture.…”

Section: Fracture Toughness and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Core-shell particles designed for toughening the epoxy resins. II. Core-shell-particle-toughened epoxy resins

Lin

Shieh

1998

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A-m-phenylene diamine (DGEBA-M-PDA) epoxy resin was toughened with various sizes and amounts of reactive core-shell particles (CSP) with butyl acrylate (BA) as a core and methyl methacrylate (MMA) copolymerized with various concentration of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as a shell. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) was used to crosslink either core or shell. Among the variables of incorporated CSP indicated above, the optimal design was to obtain the maximum plastic flow of epoxy matrix surrounding the cavitated CSP during the fracture test. It could be achieved by maximizing the content of GMA in a shellcrosslinked CSP, the particle size, and the content of CSP in the epoxy resin without causing the large-scale coagulations. The incorporation of reactive CSP could also accelerate the curing reaction of epoxy resins. Besides, it was able to increase the glass transition temperature of epoxy resins if the particle size Յ0.25 m and the dispersion was globally uniform.

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Section: Fracture Toughness and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Fracture Toughness and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Core-shell particles designed for toughening the epoxy resins. II. Core-shell-particle-toughened epoxy resins

Lin

Shieh

1998

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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“…The CSR particle has a butadienestyrene core (84 weight %) with a styrene-methylmethacrylate-acrylonitrile-glycidylmethacrylate shell (16 weight %) and has a uniform particle size of approximately 120 nm. 2,23,24 Five weight percent of CSR particles was added to all the model epoxy resins.…”

Section: Experimental Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The procedures for adding CSR into epoxy resins was reported earlier. 23,24 The 0.635 cm (0.25Љ) and 0.3175 cm (0.125Љ) thick model epoxy resin plaques, with and without CSR modification, were cast. The 0.635 cm plaque was machined into bars with dimensions of 12.7 cm ϫ 1.27 cm ϫ 0.635 cm (5Љ ϫ 0.5Љ ϫ 0.25Љ) for the double-notch four-point-bend (DN-4PB) [25][26][27] Figure 2.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and property relationships in model diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-a and diglycidyl ether of tetramethyl bisphenol-a epoxy systems. I. Mechanical property characterizations

Sue

Puckett

Bertram

et al. 1999

J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys.

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Epoxy networks toughened by core-Shell particles: Influence of the particle structure and size on the rheological and mechanical properties

Bécu‐Longuet

Bonnet

Pichot

et al. 1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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The core-shell particles considered were poly(butyl acrylate) core/epoxy groups functionalizing the poly(methyl methacrylate) shell. Physical and thermomechanical properties of benzyl dimethylamine (BDMA)-catalyzed diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)/dicyandiamine epoxy networks toughened with core-shell particles were studied. The blends were prepared under well-defined processing conditions. The resulting properties were found to depend on the state of the dispersion of the particles in the prepolymer matrix before crosslinking. These particles were dispersed at different volume fractions in order to vary the interparticle distance. The relationships between the size of the core-shell particles and the level of toughening are reported. Static mechanical tests were performed in tension and compression modes on these core-shell polyepoxy blends. A slight decrease in the Young's modulus and an increase in the ability to plastic deformation were observed. Using linear fracture mechanics (LEFM), an improvement of the fracture properties (K IC ) was measured. By varying the volume fraction of core-shell particles, an optimum toughness improvement was found for an interparticle distance equal to 400 nm (with an average particle size of 600 nm).

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Optimization of Mode-I Fracture Toughness of High-Performance Epoxies by Using Designed Core-Shell Rubber Particles

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Core-shell particles designed for toughening the epoxy resins. II. Core-shell-particle-toughened epoxy resins

Core-shell particles designed for toughening the epoxy resins. II. Core-shell-particle-toughened epoxy resins

Structure and property relationships in model diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-a and diglycidyl ether of tetramethyl bisphenol-a epoxy systems. I. Mechanical property characterizations

Epoxy networks toughened by core-Shell particles: Influence of the particle structure and size on the rheological and mechanical properties

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