Optimization of Saccharification and Fermentation Process in Bioethanol Production from Oil Palm Fronds

Among the driving factors for the high production cost of cellulosic butanol lies the pretreatment and product separation sections, which often demand high amounts of energy, chemicals, and water. In this study, techno-economic analysis of several pretreatments and product separation technologies were conducted and compared. Among the pretreatment technologies evaluated, low-moisture anhydrous ammonia (LMAA) pretreatment has shown notable potential with a pretreatment cost of $0.16/L butanol. Other pretreatment technologies evaluated were autohydrolysis, soaking in aqueous ammonia (SAA), and soaking in sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) with pretreatment costs of $1.98/L, $3.77/L, and $0.61/L, respectively. Evaluation of different product separation technologies for acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation process have shown that in situ stripping has the lowest separation cost, which was $0.21/L. Other product separation technologies tested were dual extraction, adsorption, and membrane pervaporation, with the separation costs of $0.38/L, $2.25/L, and $0.45/L, respectively. The evaluations have shown that production of cellulosic butanol using combined LMAA pretreatment and in situ stripping or with dual extraction recorded among the lowest butanol production cost. However, dual extraction model has a total solvent productivity of approximately 6% higher than those of in situ stripping model.

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“…The treated OPF was hydrolyzed using cellulase enzyme according to [36]. The substrate concentration in the hydrolysis process was 15% (wt.…”

Section: Enzyme Hydrolysis and Abe Fermentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) of Different Pretreatment and Product Separation Technologies for Cellulosic Butanol Production from Oil Palm Frond

Mahmud

Rosentrater

2020

Energies

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“…The treated OPF was hydrolyzed while using cellulase enzyme according to [29]. After the hydrolysis process, the hydrolysate mixture was separated from the fibers residue and brought to the closed fermenter, while the fibers residues were used for combined heat and power (CHP) generation.…”

Section: Enzyme Hydrolysis and Abe Fermentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Different Pretreatment and Product Separation Technologies for Butanol Bioprocessing from Oil Palm Frond

Mahmud

Rosentrater

2019

Energies

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Environmental impact assessment is a crucial aspect of biofuels production to ensure that the process generates emissions within the designated limits. In typical cellulosic biofuel production process, the pretreatment and downstream processing stages were reported to require a high amount of chemicals and energy, thus generating high emissions. Cellulosic butanol production while using low moisture anhydrous ammonia (LMAA) pretreatment was expected to have a low chemical, water, and energy footprint, especially when the process was combined with more efficient downstream processing technologies. In this study, the quantification of environmental impact potentials from cellulosic butanol production plants was conducted with modeled different pretreatment and product separation approaches. The results have shown that LMAA pretreatment possessed a potential for commercialization by having low energy requirements when compared to the other modeled pretreatments. With high safety measures that reduce the possibility of anhydrous ammonia leaking to the air, LMAA pretreatment resulted in GWP of 5.72 kg CO 2 eq./L butanol, ecotoxicity potential of 2.84 × 10 −6 CTU eco/L butanol, and eutrophication potential of 0.011 kg N eq./L butanol. The lowest energy requirement in biobutanol production (19.43 MJ/L), as well as better life-cycle energy metrics performances (NEV of 24.69 MJ/L and NER of 2.27) and environmental impacts potentials (GWP of 3.92 kg N eq./L butanol and ecotoxicity potential of 2.14 × 10 −4 CTU eco/L butanol), were recorded when the LMAA pretreatment was combined with the membrane pervaporation process in the product separation stage.

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“…Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) are widely used as an alternative material for lignin isolation [9,10]. Oil palm empty fruit bunch is reported as a lignocellulosic material with a lignin content of about 18-35 %, so it is highly potential for the development of environmentally friendly antifungal…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodegradation of Lignin by TiO2-Ilmenite for Natural Pesticide Material

Natsir¹,

Tuwo²,

Suyuti³

et al. 2018

Asian J. Chem.

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The high lignin content in a waste of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) can be utilized as an active compound in the preparation of natural pesticides. Lignin from OPEFB can be degraded into phenolic derivatives. The degradation of lignin was carried out by photooxidation using TiO2, which was synthesized directly from the ilmenite minerals. The success of TiO2-ilmenite synthesis was evidenced by the appearance of specific diffractogram peaks at 2θ = 25.5° for anatase TiO2 and 27.65° for TiO2 rutile. The ability of TiO2-ilmenite in lignin degradation was analyzed using UV-visible spectroscopy. Based on the analysis, it was known that the use of TiO2-ilmenite 0.3 g with radiation time of 20 to 30 min showed the highest degradation of 16.40-23.42 %. The degradation results were used to determine the antifungal activity of lignin from OPEFB. The results indicated that the high activity of lignin from OPEFB in inhibiting the growth of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht with the highest clear zone diameter was 2.59 cm.

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Optimization of Saccharification and Fermentation Process in Bioethanol Production from Oil Palm Fronds

Cited by 37 publications

References 13 publications

Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) of Different Pretreatment and Product Separation Technologies for Cellulosic Butanol Production from Oil Palm Frond

Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) of Different Pretreatment and Product Separation Technologies for Cellulosic Butanol Production from Oil Palm Frond

Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Different Pretreatment and Product Separation Technologies for Butanol Bioprocessing from Oil Palm Frond

Photodegradation of Lignin by TiO2-Ilmenite for Natural Pesticide Material

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