“…Over the time, several methods (static method, dynamic method, or artificial intelligence‐based methods) have been used for solving the problem of parameter estimation for thermal and hydro unit I‐O curves. Some of the static estimation methods are adaptive approach using error‐feedback and update policy, the sequential regression technique, a weighted least‐squares multiple linear regression method for estimating the parameters of the cubic model for I‐O curves of thermal units, the least absolute‐value approximation, a series of classical algorithms (weighted least‐squares, Gauss‐Newton method, Marquardt algorithm, Powell regression algorithm) for estimating the parameters of quadratic fuel cost curve, and the Gram‐Schmidt ortho‐normalization method combined with least‐squares method . A dynamic method (Kalman filtering algorithm), also used for identifying the I‐O curves of thermal units, is presented in Soliman and Al‐Kandari .…”