Optimization of total phenolic content from Terminalia chebula Retz. fruits using response surface methodology and evaluation of their antioxidant activities

Abstract

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), using aqueous ethanol as the solvent, was firstly applied to extract phenolic compounds from Terminalia chebula Retz. fruits (T. chebula fruits). In this study, ethanol concentration (%), ultrasonic intensity (W/cm2), particle diameter (mm), extraction temperature (°C), ultrasonic time (min), liquid-solid ratio (mL/g) and extraction cycle were investigated by single-factor experiment and then optimized using a Box-Behnken design. The optimized result for UAE was 68% ethanol concentration, ultrasonic intensity of 3.6 W/cm2, solid-liquid ratio of 23 mg/mL, particle size of 0.18 mm and ultrasonic time of 20 min for 2 times at 70 °C. The yield of total phenolic was 448.7 ± 2.15 mg GAE/g DW under the above optimum conditions, which agreed with the predicted value (447.8 mg GAE/g DW). Compared to conventional solvent extraction (CSE), UAE extracts showed excellent DPPH radical, DPPH, ABTS scavenging activities and reducing power in a dose-dependent manner, and better than that of CSE extracts. Additionally, the extract of the T. chebula fruits was analyzed by HPLC-ESI/MS. In summary, UAE could effectively extract phenolic compounds from T. chebula fruits. In addition, the extract could be used as a potential source of natural antioxidants.

Plants-Derived Biomolecules as Potent Antiviral Phytomedicines: New Insights on Ethnobotanical Evidences against Coronaviruses

“…Its bioactive components extracted from the leaves, bark and fruit of the plant include flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenes, anthocyanins, glycosides, gallic acid, chebulagic acid, punicalagin, chebulanin, corilagin, neochebulinic acid, ellagic acid, chebulinic acid, alkaloids and many more [ 232 , 237 , 284 ]. It is also known to be used as a cure for irregular fevers, urinary diseases, diabetes, skin diseases, heart diseases, constipation, ulcers, vomiting, colic pain, hemorrhoids, digestive diseases, and others [ 232 , 235 , 237 ]. However, T. chebula has many pharmacological activities such as antiviral, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-protozoal, anti-carcinogenic, anti-mutagenic, radio-protective, chemo-preventive, hepato-protective, cardio-protective, cyto-protective, anti-diabetic, reno-protective, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, adaptogenic, anti-anaphylactic, hypolipidemic, hypocholesterolemic, anti-caries, wound healing, anti-allergic, immunomodulatory, anti-ulcer, anti-spasmodic and gastrointestinal motility properties [ 232 , 233 , 235 , 236 , 237 ].…”

“…It is also known to be used as a cure for irregular fevers, urinary diseases, diabetes, skin diseases, heart diseases, constipation, ulcers, vomiting, colic pain, hemorrhoids, digestive diseases, and others [ 232 , 235 , 237 ]. However, T. chebula has many pharmacological activities such as antiviral, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-protozoal, anti-carcinogenic, anti-mutagenic, radio-protective, chemo-preventive, hepato-protective, cardio-protective, cyto-protective, anti-diabetic, reno-protective, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, adaptogenic, anti-anaphylactic, hypolipidemic, hypocholesterolemic, anti-caries, wound healing, anti-allergic, immunomodulatory, anti-ulcer, anti-spasmodic and gastrointestinal motility properties [ 232 , 233 , 235 , 236 , 237 ]. Lin et al, 2013 conducted an in vitro study and found that chebulagic acid and punicalagin from the fruit of T. chebula have the potential to inhibit the activity of different viruses, such as human cytomegalovirus, HCV, dengue virus, measles virus, and respiratory syncytial virus [ 234 ].…”

Optimization of Baicalin, Wogonoside, and Chlorogenic Acid Water Extraction Process from the Roots of Scutellariae Radix and Lonicerae japonicae Flos Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

“…In another study, Sheng et al (2018) used ethanol as an extraction solvent and examined the effect of different concentration of ethanol (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%) on total phenolic content from Terminalia chebula Retz. fruits using response surface methodology [19]. They noted that 60% ethanol gives higher extraction yield than other tested concentrations of ethanol.…”

Extraction Techniques of Phenolic Compounds from Plants

“…Sheng et al evaluated antioxidant activities of phenolic compounds extracted from Terminalia chebula Retz. fruits by different extraction methods like UAE and LLE [26]. The results showed that, the antioxidant activities of phenolic compounds extracted by UAE under optimized condition were stronger than LLE method.…”