“…Heat is mostly generated by chemical reactions inside the battery monomer, and it is greatly affected by the material structure and parameters of the battery at the same time. , Therefore, the thermal model is helpful to evaluate the influence of different charge–discharge rates and battery materials on heat generation characteristics, but the simulation results and errors of the test are relatively larger, , while the electrochemical model can accurately describe the chemical properties of a lithium-ion battery . Thus, the electrochemical–thermal coupling model was put forward, which can more accurately analyze the heat generation characteristics . In 1985, Bernardi et al proposed a model for calculating the heat generation rate of a battery, which is the most widely used calculation model at presentwhere q is heat generating power of the battery per unit volume (W/m 3 ), V is the volume of the battery (m 3 ), I is the battery charging or discharging current (A; it is positive at the charging process and negative at the discharging process), U is the working voltage of the battery (V), U OC is the open circuit voltage of the battery (V), R is the internal resistance of the battery (Ω), T is the temperature of the battery (K), and d U OC /d T is the temperature changing rate of the open circuit voltage (V/K).…”
Section: Performance Of a Cpcm-based Lithium-ion Btmsmentioning
A battery thermal management system (BTMS) plays a significant role in the thermal safety of a power lithium-ion battery. Research on phase change materials (PCMs) for a BTMS has drawn wide attention and has become the forefront of this scientific field. Several evident limitations exist in pure PCMs, such as poor thermal conductivity and low structural stability, while porous materials could reinforce PCMs for their superior thermal performance and robustness. Most related existing reviews focused on the thermal performances of a lithium-ion BTMS by different cooling methods. However, the thermal properties of porous materials and those based composite phase change materials (CPCMs) have not been summarized, which have much influence on the thermal management effect of battery modules. Thus, research on porous-material-based CPCMs used for a lithium-ion BTMS were reviewed in this paper. The kinds of PCMs and porous materials commonly used in a lithium-ion BTMS were introduced, and the thermophysical properties and robustness of porous-material-based CPCMs were systematically analyzed. Furthermore, the thermal management effects of a porous-materialbased CPCM on a lithium-ion battery were summarized. We discussed the enhancement effects on PCMs and the advantages and limitations of various porous materials commonly used in a lithium-ion BTMS. Finally, on the basis of the current research, this paper concluded the requirement of porous material for a CPCM in a lithium-ion BTMS and the expected future research directions of porous material, including looking for a potential porous carrier, intensifying heat transfer, and enhancing anti-vibration performance.
“…Heat is mostly generated by chemical reactions inside the battery monomer, and it is greatly affected by the material structure and parameters of the battery at the same time. , Therefore, the thermal model is helpful to evaluate the influence of different charge–discharge rates and battery materials on heat generation characteristics, but the simulation results and errors of the test are relatively larger, , while the electrochemical model can accurately describe the chemical properties of a lithium-ion battery . Thus, the electrochemical–thermal coupling model was put forward, which can more accurately analyze the heat generation characteristics . In 1985, Bernardi et al proposed a model for calculating the heat generation rate of a battery, which is the most widely used calculation model at presentwhere q is heat generating power of the battery per unit volume (W/m 3 ), V is the volume of the battery (m 3 ), I is the battery charging or discharging current (A; it is positive at the charging process and negative at the discharging process), U is the working voltage of the battery (V), U OC is the open circuit voltage of the battery (V), R is the internal resistance of the battery (Ω), T is the temperature of the battery (K), and d U OC /d T is the temperature changing rate of the open circuit voltage (V/K).…”
Section: Performance Of a Cpcm-based Lithium-ion Btmsmentioning
A battery thermal management system (BTMS) plays a significant role in the thermal safety of a power lithium-ion battery. Research on phase change materials (PCMs) for a BTMS has drawn wide attention and has become the forefront of this scientific field. Several evident limitations exist in pure PCMs, such as poor thermal conductivity and low structural stability, while porous materials could reinforce PCMs for their superior thermal performance and robustness. Most related existing reviews focused on the thermal performances of a lithium-ion BTMS by different cooling methods. However, the thermal properties of porous materials and those based composite phase change materials (CPCMs) have not been summarized, which have much influence on the thermal management effect of battery modules. Thus, research on porous-material-based CPCMs used for a lithium-ion BTMS were reviewed in this paper. The kinds of PCMs and porous materials commonly used in a lithium-ion BTMS were introduced, and the thermophysical properties and robustness of porous-material-based CPCMs were systematically analyzed. Furthermore, the thermal management effects of a porous-materialbased CPCM on a lithium-ion battery were summarized. We discussed the enhancement effects on PCMs and the advantages and limitations of various porous materials commonly used in a lithium-ion BTMS. Finally, on the basis of the current research, this paper concluded the requirement of porous material for a CPCM in a lithium-ion BTMS and the expected future research directions of porous material, including looking for a potential porous carrier, intensifying heat transfer, and enhancing anti-vibration performance.
“…Although numerous studies on BTSM have recently been conducted, there have been a wide range of conclusions drawn from such investigations. To provide better temperature control of batteries, air/liquid flow 12,13,[58][59][60][61][62][63] and battery module regulation [64][65][66][67][68][69] were studied. However, due to low heat transfer coefficients, air and liquid flow was not efficient at high charge/discharge conditions and high ambient temperatures.…”
Lithium-ion batteries are seen as the primary energy storage tools for hybrid electric aircraft. However, the high temperature that occurs in battery modules can lead to a reduction in the capacity of the batteries and may even lead to serious safety issues such as fire. Therefore, it is essential to design an effective and reliable thermal management system to maintain battery temperatures under acceptable thresholds. In this study, a battery management system was designed using Al 2 O 3 nanofluid in different configurations, incorporating two different cooling models based on longitudinal and transverse flow directions, where the battery module consisted of 20 prismatic lithium-ion batteries. The two models were compared in terms of discharge rates, volume fraction values of nanofluid, and inlet velocities, and temperatures of the coolant. Overall, it was evident that the battery module was within the safe temperature range when cooled with the nanofluid, but not air.Novelty Statement: Lithium-ion batteries are seen as primary energy storage tools for hybrid electric aircraft. Thermal analysis of the batteries was performed in three dimensions by taking the bus bars into consideration. Nano fluid cooling was used as an effective way to keep battery temperatures within acceptable ranges.
“…Ji et al [ 127 ] tested both experimentally and numerically the thermal performance of Li-ion (LiNiCoMnO2) cylindrical cells by using different arrangement of batteries in a module to achieve the required optimal uniformity in temperature distribution. Air is used as a coolant for carrying the heat from the battery module.…”
Section: Btms Investigation Based On Different Approachesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Fig. 54 Temperature contours in battery module for arithmetic and geometric ratio arrangement at the end of discharge [ 127 ] …”
Section: Btms Investigation Based On Different Approachesmentioning
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