Optimization studies of microwave-induced co-pyrolysis of empty fruit bunches/waste truck tire using response surface methodology

Abstract

The central composite design of RSM was utilised for the optimization of experimental conditions of microwave-assisted co-pyrolysis of empty fruit bunch (EFB) and waste truck-tire (TT) to maximise the copyrolysis oil and energy yield. The predicted maximum co-pyrolysis oil of 40.0 wt% and energy yield of 59.0% were obtained at the optimum conditions of 505 C pyrolysis temperature, 65.0% of EFB ratio and 60.0 g of activated carbon loading. The reaction temperature and TT ratio in EFB feedstock were identified as the most significant variables that affect the oil and energy yield. A design of experiment was performed to determine the quality of liquid oil. The result indicates the co-pyrolysis oil (PO65) properties were significantly improved after adding TT to EFB biomass. Olefin-rich pyrolytic oil (39.0%) with high selectivity of D-limonene was produced (28.6%). While, the oxygenates and polyaromatics hydrocarbon were reduced to 9.9% and 7.4%, respectively. The energy recovery analysis shows that the optimised copyrolysis oil (PO65) was 20.0% higher as compared to the TT alone. In view of the improved yield and quality of co-pyrolysis oil (PO65), this work shows that co-pyrolysis of EFB/TT presents a viable method to produce diesel-like fuel using the microwave-assisted heating method.

Assessment of resistance and biosorption ability of Lactobacillus paracasei to remove lead and cadmium from aqueous solution

“…Furthermore, the positive and negative signs indicate the synergistic and adverse impact of variables on the response. Regarding the statistical results in Table 4, the coefficient of variation (CV) for Pb (II) and Cd (II) responses is 13.98% and 2.47%, respectively, which demonstrated the reproducibility of the model (Idris et al, 2020). Besides, the predicted and actual response values were in good agreement as revealed in Figure 1.…”

“…RSM as a well-known statistical analysis method has been extensively applied to optimize the parameters attributed to the biosorption process using CCD. RSM provides the opportunity to assess the independent variables simultaneously and identify the relation between the variables and the response through the fit of various mathematical models to the obtained results (Idris et al, 2020;Méndez et al, 2020). Therefore, in the current study, three independent variables including pH, inoculum size, and initial metal ion concentration were considered to design the biosorption of Pb (II) and Cd (II) using Design-Expert 7.1.5 (Stat-Ease Inc, Minneapolis, USA) and CCD under RSM analysis.…”

The Effect of Temperature and Particle Size on the Pyrolysis Products of Waste Tires and the Formation Mechanism of Limonene

“…Since the small particle size provides a larger specific surface area, the plasticizer involved in the decomposition reaction increased. The most commonly used plasticizer was dibutyl phthalate [17,31]. Approximate analysis shows that tire particles with a particle size of less than 0.150 mm contain more inorganic components.…”

“…(3) The cleavage of the β-bond between the double bonds in the polydipentadiene chain, and the separated propylene group is internally cyclized to form limonene [30,31]. The bond energy of C-C is lower than C=C (347.3 kJ/mol, 611 kJ mol -1 respectively) [38], thus in cis-1,4-polyisoprene, the probability of C-C bond break is greater than that of C=C bond.…”

Bio-Oil Production Using Waste Biomass via Pyrolysis Process: Mini Review

“…Muneer et al, (2019) prefer chose polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate. The other researchers use different types of waste: occasional rank coal (Wu et al, 2017), polyvinyl chloride (€zsin & Puẗun, 2018), sewage sludge (Wang et al, 2020) and tires (Idris et al, 2020). The usage of combined biomass and plastics in the copyrolysis lower the activation strength (Bura & Grupta, 2018) and increase value bioproducts (Uzoejinwa et al, 2018).…”