Optimized Nitrogen Application Increases Soil Water Extraction by Changing in-Season Maize Root Morphology and Distribution in Rainfed Farmland

Tang, Liang; Sun, Haoran; Sun, Ruxiao; Niu, Yinan; Song, Jin H.; Li, Shiqing; Shen, You-Gen

doi:10.3390/agronomy10101606

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The results suggested that the combination of an optimal fertilization rate and CRU-N can further improve net benefits by increasing profits and decreasing labor costs. The synchronization of N supply and crop absorption by controlling N release can maximize NUE [40,45] .…”

Section: Effects Of Different Nitrogen Fertilization On Maize 341 Lea...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of reducing and postponing controlled-release urea application on soil nitrogen regulation and maize grain yield

Peng

Cui

et al. 2022

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering

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Controlled-release urea (CRU-N) fertilizer application is a solution to improve the utilization rate of nitrogen (N), reduce economic costs and improve crop yields. It is significant to study the effects of release CRU-N reduction and the combined application of conventional urea on soil N control and the large-scale maize planting system. In this study, the effects of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer reduction and postponement on soil nitrogen components, enzyme activities, and yields were investigated. Seven treatments were set up in this study, including no N fertilizer (CK), 100% conventional urea (U), 100% controlled-release urea (S), 30% controlled-release urea (SU 3/7 ), 50% controlled-release urea (SU 5/5 ), 70% controlled-release urea (SU 7/3 ) and Sodium Salt of Polyaspartic Acid (PASP)-N. The results showed that mixed CRU-N and urea increased yields and net benefits compared with conventional urea at the same application rate of N, and reduced N loss. The application of CRU-N at 70% for maize represented the best overall effects. Compared with U treatment, soil ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 -N), soil nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3 -N), and microbial biomass nitrogen (SMB-N) of CRU-N at 70% (SU 7/3 ) increased by 35.00%, 15.53%, and 25.04%. However, soil nitrate reductase (S-NR) and urease (S-UA) were the best in SU 5/5 and significantly higher than other treatments. The applications of CRU-N would effectively increase soil N; CRU-N in 50% proportion can promote the maize root growth and improve the efficient utilization of N by soil microorganisms. Like the yields (9186.61 kg/hm 2 ), expertly in the proportion of 70% CRU-N (SU 7/3 ) plays a vital role in a wheat-maize rotation system, which can potentially be used to improve the yields, nitrogen use efficiency, and net benefit with low N losses. In conclusion, using CRU-N fertilize effectively improves soil nitrogen, and various ratios of CRU-N can ensure the continuous release the nutrients during the growing period. And among the different proportions of CRU-N, it is optimal in SU 7/3 .

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Section: Effects Of Different Nitrogen Fertilization On Maize 341 Lea...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of reducing and postponing controlled-release urea application on soil nitrogen regulation and maize grain yield

Peng

Cui

et al. 2022

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering

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“…Optimum N application enhanced biomass production that also enhanced the requirement for roots to absorb maximum water from the deeper soil layer. The combination of slow release and monotypic N fertilizers enhanced the maize root length and weight densities at dent stage in the deeper soil layers 44 . Hu et al 45 found that controlled release urea increased deeper root growth, and deeper soils has more soil water storage making it easy for plants to uptake water to fulfill its requirement at maize dent growth phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of slow-release nitrogenous fertilizers on dry matter accumulation, grain nutritional quality, water productivity and wheat yield under an arid environment

Ghafoor

Rahman

Hasnain

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Slow release nitrogenous fertilizers can improve crops production and reduce the environmental challenges in agro-ecosystem. There is a need to test the efficiency and performance under arid climatic conditions. The study investigates the effect of slow-release fertilizers (urea, neem coated urea (NCU), sulfur coated urea (SCU) and bioactive sulfur coated urea (BSCU)) on the growth, productivity and grain nutritional qualities of wheat crop. Slow-release fertilizers (SRF) with nitrogen levels (130,117,104 and 94 kg ha−1) were applied with equal splits at sowing, 20 and 60 days after sowing (DAS). Research showed that the BSCU with 130 kg ha−1 increased dry matter accumulation (1989 kg ha−1) after anthesis and grain yield 4463 kg ha−1. The higher plant height (102 cm) was attained by 130 kg N ha−1 SCU while the minimum (77.67 cm) recorded for 94 kg N ha−1 as urea source. Maximum grain NPK concentrations (3.54, 0.66 and 1.07%) were recorded by BSCU 130 kg N ha−1 application. While, the minimum NPK (0.77, 0.19 and 0.35%) were observed by Urea 94 kg N ha−1. The high irrigation water use efficiency (WUE) recorded (20.92 kg ha−1 mm−1) and a crop index of 25.52% by BSCU 130 kg N ha−1 application. Research findings show that generally all SRF but particularly BSCU proved effective and can be recommended for wheat crop under arid environment.

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“…The controlled-or slow-release nitrogen fertilizers have another advantage; they promote healthy root growth [74,75]. As the nitrogen is released slowly, it allows the roots to grow deeper into the soil in search of nutrients.…”

Section: The Pros and Cons Of Srn And Crn Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Modified Urea Fertilizers and Their Effects on Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE)

Swify,

Mažeika,

Baltrusaitis

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Urea has served as the primary nitrogenous fertilizer globally since the early 1950s. It is widely recognized as the most concentrated nitrogen source, containing approximately 46% nitrogen. Presently, around 220 million t/year of urea compounds are manufactured globally to fit the requirements of the agricultural sector. However, a significant drawback of this is that approximately 30–35% of the urea used in soil can be lost to the environment because of its limited effectiveness. Enhancing the efficiency of urea utilization can be achieved by regulating the release of urea-nitrogen in the soil. Numerous researchers have reported that the use of slow or controlled fertilizers can regulate the release and accumulation of nitrogen in the soil. Moreover, the augmentation of soil nitrogen levels can be accomplished by using the slow or controlled release of urea fertilizers. The regulation of the release process can play a vital role in the peril of N loss. This can be effectively alleviated by delaying the release of nitrogen in ammonium form configuration for several days. This delay functions to diminish nitrogen losses, which are caused by the rapid hydrolysis of urea, and loss by leaching or volatilization. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively explore the use of conventional urea and various materials employed for modifying urea. It will explain the distinctions among modification processes and their respective mechanisms. This review will also discuss the pros and cons of applying slow- and controlled-release nitrogen, the impact of modified urea compounds on crop productivity, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE).

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Optimized Nitrogen Application Increases Soil Water Extraction by Changing in-Season Maize Root Morphology and Distribution in Rainfed Farmland

Cited by 8 publications

References 55 publications

Effects of reducing and postponing controlled-release urea application on soil nitrogen regulation and maize grain yield

Effects of reducing and postponing controlled-release urea application on soil nitrogen regulation and maize grain yield

Effect of slow-release nitrogenous fertilizers on dry matter accumulation, grain nutritional quality, water productivity and wheat yield under an arid environment

Review: Modified Urea Fertilizers and Their Effects on Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE)

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