Optimized Synthesis of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles as Bactericidal Agents

Abstract

Increased antibiotic resistance of microorganisms as well as the need to reduce health-care costs necessitates the production of new antimicrobials at lower costs. For this reason, this study was aimed to optimize the synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles with the greatest antibacterial activity. In this study, 9 experiments containing different proportions of the factors (magnesium nitrate, NaOH, and stirring time) effective in the synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles were designed using the Taguchi method. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using the coprecipitation method, and their antibacterial activity was evaluated using colony-forming unit (CFU) and disk diffusion. Morphology, crystalline structure, and size of synthesized nanoparticles were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The optimum conditions (0.2 M magnesium nitrate, 2 M NaOH, and 90 min stirring time) for the synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles with the greatest antibacterial activity were determined using the Taguchi method. The results of colony-forming unit and disk diffusion revealed the optimal antibacterial activity of synthesized nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The results obtained from FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed the synthesis of nanoparticles with favorable conditions. Also, according to the SEM image, the average size of synthesized nanoparticles was determined to be about 21 nm. According to the results, magnesium oxide nanoparticles can significantly reduce the number of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and can be used as an appropriate alternative to commonly used antibacterial compounds in order to tackle drug resistance among pathogens.

Recent Applications of Magnesium Oxide (MgO) Nanoparticles in various domains

“…Researches have suggested that magnesium oxide nanoparticles possess excellent antibacterial activity though this mechanism depends on the binding of nanoparticles to the surface of the bacteria [91,92]. They have known to show an increase in antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria in comparison to gram negative because the latter holds a complex outer membrane which serves as an outstanding barrier against external materials but still magnesium nanoparticles have got hold of gram negative bacteria such as E coli and Staphylococcus aureus and showed antibacterial activity against them preventing cell death of many cells by reducing oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation as well as cell membrane damage [5,32,[93][94][95]. Problems such as foot and mouth disease in cattle's, foodborne pathogens, treatment of the cotton fabric, the quality of bone cement used in fractures, medicine for bone regeneration and abdominal pain comprise of a common solution i.e., magnesium oxide nanoparticles [5,[96][97][98].…”

“…Fortunately, abundant nanoparticles can be used to fulfill the needful among which magnesium oxide nanoparticles remains comprised. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles can be used as an alternative for various traditional antibiotics because of its antibacterial properties [108]. E.R.…”

“…and they exhibit physical properties which are extraordinary than its bulk form and offers them unique mechanical strength, increased stability and several more. They are being widely used throughout which indicates that it possesses properties that are beneficial in multiple ways [4].…”

The Role of Nanomaterials in the Treatment of Diseases and Their Effects on the Immune System

“…Despite the medical advances in recent years, some diseases such as AIDS [8], [9], cancer [10], [11], infectious diseases [12], diabetes [13], chronic pain [14], [15] and autoimmune diseases [16], [17], have not been treated. Since nanoparticles are the foundation of nanotechnology, their use in the medical branch has opened new perspectives in therapy [18].…”

Optimal conditions for levan biopolymer production and its use in the synthesis of bactericidal levan-ZnO nanocomposite

“…One of the main challenges facing the global community today is discovering effective therapies for cancer (Mozaffari et al, 2016;Mozaffari et al, 2017), chronic pains (Sharifi et al, 2017), chronic kidney disease (Nomani et al, 2016), autoimmune diseases (Mozaffari et al, 2018), and microbial infections (Taran et al, 2018;Imani and Safaei, 2019). Microbial infections are historically considered as major pathogenic factors causing mortality around the world (Li and Webster, 2018).…”