Optimized Ti polishing techniques for enhanced order in TiO2 NT arrays

Albertin, K. F.; Tavares, Ana P.M.; Pereyra, I.

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.08.005

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Pre-anodization polishing is another kind of strategy for the improvement of 2D periodicity [254][255][256][257], which aims at the modification of the surface flatness of the Ti metal substrate to improve the local electric field distribution during anodization [258]. Although the short-range order has been improved, the results are not quite satisfactory.…”

Section: Large-area 2d Pcsmentioning

confidence: 94%

TiO2 nanotube structures for the enhancement of photon utilization in sensitized solar cells

Lin¹,

Liu

Zhu

et al. 2015

Nanotechnology Reviews

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The nano-and microstructures of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) photoanodes in photovoltaic cells have a large impact on their photon to electron performances, including light harvesting, photogenerated electron separation, transport and recombination. This review will focus on anodic TiO 2 nanotubes (NTs) for the enhancement of photon conversion or light harvesting when incorporated in sensitized solar cells, which is valuable for increased photocurrent densities and solar cell efficiencies. By modulating the electrochemical processes which have a great impact on TiO 2 NT geometry, excellent optical properties can be achieved, resulting in the enhanced absorption of incident light and reduced light loss via reflection, penetration or transformation. The results indicate that the control of structures and morphologies of TiO 2 NTs is critical to the optimization of their applications in sensitized solar cells.

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Section: Large-area 2d Pcsmentioning

confidence: 94%

TiO2 nanotube structures for the enhancement of photon utilization in sensitized solar cells

Lin¹,

Liu

Zhu

et al. 2015

Nanotechnology Reviews

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“…36 In the TiO 2 NT array case, studies using pretreatments such as electropolishing (EP) or mechanical polishing (MP) indicated that a Ti smooth surface is crucial to obtain highly ordered NT arrays since it ensures a uniform electric eld distribution over the Ti surface during the anodization. [27][28][29]37 In particular, Lee et al showed that a decrease of the surface roughness by EP leads to NTs with a more uniform length and a higher density, but almost no hexagonal NT domains were observed. 27,28 So far high hexagonal ordering has only been achieved using expensive techniques like ion beam or nanoimprint lithography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the Ti surface roughness in the self-ordering of TiO₂ nanotubes: a detailed study of the growth mechanism

et al. 2014

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Highly ordered TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) were synthesized by electrochemical anodization of Ti foils. We investigated the effect of the Ti surface roughness (applying different pretreatments prior to the anodization) on the length, growth rate and degree of selforganization of the obtained NT arrays. The mechanisms related to the TiO2 NT formation and growth were correlated not only with the corresponding anodization curves but also with their appropriate derivatives (1 st order) and suitable integrated and/or obtained parameters, to reveal the onset and end of different electrochemical regimes. This enables an in-depth interpretation (and physical-chemical insight), for different levels of surface roughness and topographic features. We found that pretreatments lead to an extremely small Ti surface roughness, offer an enhanced NT length and also provide a significant improvement in the template organization quality (highly ordered hexagonal NT arrays over larger areas), due to the optimized surface topography. We present a new statistical approach for evaluating highly ordered hexagonal NT array areas. Large domains with ideally arranged nanotube structures represented by a hexagonal closely packed array were obtained (6.61 m 2 ), close to the smallest grain diameter of the Ti foil and three times larger than those so far reported in the literature. The use of optimized pre-treatments then allowed avoiding a second anodization step, ultimately leading to highly hexagonal self-ordered samples with large organized domains at reduced time and cost.

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“…As imple way to increase the ordering of the nanotube layers is, to ac ertain extent,atwo-step or three-step anodization of the Ti substrates. [12][13][14] Other methods include mechanical, chemical, or electro-polishing of the Ti substrates before the anodization to reduce the surface roughness [15][16][17] or the use of high-purityT is ubstrates. [12,18] However,o wing to the grain microstructure of Ti,t he nanotube layers are usually just locally ordered, limitedb ythe grain boundaries.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ideally Hexagonally Ordered TiO₂ Nanotube Arrays

et al. 2017

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Ideally hexagonally ordered TiO2 nanotube layers were produced through the optimized anodization of Ti substrates. The Ti substrates were firstly covered with a TiN protecting layer prepared through atomic layer deposition (ALD). Pre‐texturing of the TiN‐protected Ti substrate on an area of 20×20 μm2 was carried out by focused ion beam (FIB) milling, yielding uniform nanoholes with a hexagonal arrangement throughout the TiN layer with three different interpore distances. The subsequent anodic nanotube growth using ethylene‐glycol‐based electrolyte followed the pre‐textured nanoholes, resulting in perfectly ordered nanotube layers (resembling honeycomb porous anodic alumina) without any point defects and with a thickness of approximately 2 μm over the whole area of the pattern.

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Optimized Ti polishing techniques for enhanced order in TiO2 NT arrays

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

TiO2 nanotube structures for the enhancement of photon utilization in sensitized solar cells

TiO2 nanotube structures for the enhancement of photon utilization in sensitized solar cells

The role of the Ti surface roughness in the self-ordering of TiO₂ nanotubes: a detailed study of the growth mechanism

Ideally Hexagonally Ordered TiO₂ Nanotube Arrays

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Optimized Ti polishing techniques for enhanced order in TiO2 NT arrays

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

TiO2 nanotube structures for the enhancement of photon utilization in sensitized solar cells

TiO2 nanotube structures for the enhancement of photon utilization in sensitized solar cells

The role of the Ti surface roughness in the self-ordering of TiO2 nanotubes: a detailed study of the growth mechanism

Ideally Hexagonally Ordered TiO2 Nanotube Arrays

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Product

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The role of the Ti surface roughness in the self-ordering of TiO₂ nanotubes: a detailed study of the growth mechanism

Ideally Hexagonally Ordered TiO₂ Nanotube Arrays