Optimum plant density of Digitaria eriantha for herbage accumulation and hydrological performance in a summer dominant rainfall zone

Abstract

In the frost‐prone, summer dominant rainfall zone of northern NSW and southern Queensland, sown tropical grass pastures commonly establish with plant densities >26 plants per m2, yet the optimum density for maximum herbage accumulation and hydrological performance is not known. A replicated, field study was established in northern NSW in November 2011, using five densities of Digitaria eriantha (digit grass): 0, 1, 4, 9 and 16 plants per m2 and a range of agronomic and hydrologic measures was assessed. The results showed that the largest differences between plant densities in herbage accumulation, root depth, soil water extraction and rainfall refill efficiency occurred during the first 2 years; after this time, digit grass pastures with densities of ≥4 plants per m2 responded similarly. Plant frequency increased with increasing plant density but the treatments did not converge. During the first two growing seasons, there was no effect of plant density on water use efficiency; however, by the third growing season, pastures with 4 plants per m2 were the most water efficient. Overall, the results indicated that 1 plant per m2 was too low to efficiently use resources, 16 plants per m2 utilized the resources quickly then tended to stall, while 4–9 plants per m2 was a good compromise between agronomic and hydrological response, achieving both herbage accumulation and sustainability goals. A practical management advantage of pastures with 4–9 plants per m2 is they allow soil water resources to be available for a longer period of time and potentially provide the opportunity to establish legumes in the ensuing 24‐month period.

Editorial: Grass and Forage Science – 75 years of impact and service to the science of grasslands

“…The journal has seen a marked increase in the number of submissions of papers describing the science of warm-season grass systems, both in traditional tropical environments and in more temperate environments. These papers have encompassed the continuum of native and naturalized pastures (Tilhou et al, 2019), breeding and selection (de Fig ueiredo et al, 2019), agronomy (Boschma et al, 2019;Ruolo et al, 2019;Silva et al, 2019) and beef (Euclides et al, 2019) and dairy (Lima et al, 2019) production systems. This trend is likely to continue as we explore the complementarity of temperate and warm-season forages under changing climatic conditions.…”