Opuntia ficus-indica is an excellent eco-friendly biosorbent for the removal of chromium in leather industry effluents

Abstract

In Brazil, the leather industry is an important economic segment moving around U$ 3 billions of dollars a year. However, high amounts of water are requested to transform skin animals into leather, causing high wastewater amounts to be consequently produced. A major problem is attached to the presence of chromium in the wastewater from the tanning process. Chromium is a heavy metal potentially toxic both to the environment and to the human health. In order to control the levels of chrome dumped into the environment, Brazilian agencies require the treatment of effluents by the generating source. Thus, this study aimed to develop an alternative method to the removal of chromium in wastewater from the leather industry using the Opuntia ficus-indica biomass as ecofriendly biosorbent. Crude waste samples were collected in a tannery stabilization pond for chromium quantification and further treatments. The powdered Opuntia ficus-indica was obtained from species collected in Pernambuco, Brazil, and its physical parameters and pH PCZ were characterized. Adsorptions studies and acute toxicity were also carried out. The biomass remaining after the sorption was analyzed through scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The chromium content was above the limit allowed by the Brazilian regulatory agency. In sorption studies, biomass was able to remove 74.8% and 84.88% of Cr (III) using 2.0 g and 4.0 g of biomass, respectively. The surface of biomass is very favorable to biosorption and the chemical bindings among oxygen atoms present in the chemical components of this biomass and the heavy metal was confirmed through infrared spectrum. This study proved that Opuntia ficus-indica is effectively biosorbent to chromium, promising and with low costs for the leather industry, able to reduce its ecotoxicity as proven by chemical and biological assays.

Sustainable Textiles from Unconventional Biomaterials—Cactus Based

“…The results of Al-Nageb's study showed that the extraction of oils from the seeds of the cactus Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) and Opuntia dillenii (OD) for use in food products is promising [28]. The use of Opuntia ficus-indica as a biosorbent for the removal of chromium from wastewater in the leather industry was investigated in the study by Figueirôa et al [29]. Some studies discussed the use of cactus fibers or cactus components as reinforcements for polymer composites and reported good mechanical properties, such as in energy absorption and tensile tests [30][31][32].…”

Removing Heavy Metals: Cutting-Edge Strategies and Advancements in Biosorption Technology

“…The versatility of biosorbents makes biosorption a valuable tool for addressing the complex nature of pollutants generated in textile processes. Furthermore, the leather industry, known for producing effluents containing chromium and dyes from the tanning process, benefits from biosorption as a means of effectively removing these pollutants [ 29 ]. There are also examples in which biosorption has been explored to treat municipal wastewater to remove pollutants, such as organic compounds, nutrients, and heavy metals [ 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”

Optimization of Pb Adsorption from Seawater from Former Bauxite Mines Using Crab Shell Waste

“…biosorbent egg shell [8], Scylla serrata and tahong shell (Perna viridis) biosorbent Pb, Cr [11], rice husk biosorbent Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Cd, Ba [12], date seed biosorbent metal Cd, Cr [13], Cu . biosorbent sawdust [14], Opuntia ficus-indica biosorben Cr [15], limbah daun mint biosorben Cr [16], Belamya javanica Snail biosorbent Pb, Cd, Cu [17], Cu biosorbent seaweed [18]. Therefore, a biosorbent from coastal waste will be developed, namely crab shells to remove Pb metal content in seawater from the former bauxite mine.…”