Oral administration of eugenol oleate cures experimental visceral leishmaniasis through cytokines abundance

Raja, Mamilla R. Charan; Kar, Amrita Ghosh; Srinivasan, Sujatha; Chellappan, Davidraj; Debnath, Joy; Mahapatra, Santanu Kar

doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155301

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The organic portion was then extracted by portioning with EtOAc (3 X 10 ml) and dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 . The organic mass was thus obtained by concentrating under reduced pressure and was purified by column chromatography ( Charan Raja et al., 2021 ; Kar et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cell lysates from different groups were prepared as described previously ( Charan Raja et al., 2021 ). Afterward, 50 µg of protein was loaded in each lane in 10% SDS PAGE and transferred onto the PVDF membrane.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We know that the activation in p38MAPK phosphorylation attenuates Leishmania donovani infection in infected macrophages, as proven in several reports (Junghae and Raynes, 2002;Charan Raja et al, 2021). To explore the mechanistic pathway, we investigated whether the proposed combination of drugs could activate MAPK signaling in infected macrophages.…”

Section: Activation Of Mapk In Immune Metabolic Alteration In L Donovani Infected Balb/c Derived Macrophages By Nos-2mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Likewise, eugenol, a plant-derived essential oil has exhibited anti-bacterial, antiviral, anti-cancer, and anti-leishmanial activity. Eugenol oleate, a eugenol derivative, was reported as an immunomodulatory molecule with less toxicity (Charan Raja et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, eugenol, a plant-derived essential oil has exhibited anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-cancer, and anti-leishmanial activity. Eugenol oleate, a eugenol derivative, was reported as an immunomodulatory molecule with less toxicity ( Charan Raja et al., 2021 ). Moreover, it was reported that eugenol oleate has shown synergistic anti-leishmanial property in combination with amphotericin B (x∑FIC = 0.456) against experimental visceral leishmaniasis ( Kar et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamicity in Host Metabolic Adaptation Is Influenced by the Synergistic Effect of Eugenol Oleate and Amphotericin B During Leishmania donovani Infection In Vitro

Kar

Jayaraman

Kumar

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Immune metabolic adaptation in macrophages by intracellular parasites is recognized to play a crucial role during Leishmania infection. However, there is little accessible information about changes in a metabolic switch in L. donovani infected macrophages. In previous studies, we have reported on the anti-leishmanial synergic effect of eugenol oleate with amphotericin B. In the present study, we demonstrated that glycolytic enzymes were highly expressed in infected macrophages during combinatorial treatment of eugenol oleate (2.5 µM) and amphotericin B (0.3125 µM). Additionally, we found that the biphasic role in arachidonic acid metabolite, PGE2, and LTB4, is released during this treatment. In vitro data showed that COX-2 mediated PGE2 synthesis increased significantly (p<0.01) in infected macrophages. Not only was the level of prostaglandin synthesis decreased 4.38 fold in infected macrophages after treatment with eugenol oleate with amphotericin B. The mRNA expression of PTGES, MPGES, and PTGER4 were also moderately expressed in infected macrophages, and found to be decreased in combinatorial treatment. In addition, NOS2 expression was activated by the phosphorylation of p38MAPK when combination-treated macrophages were promoted to kill intracellular parasites. The findings of the present study indicate that the synergism between eugenol oleate and amphotericin B could play an important role in immune metabolism adaptation with a concomitant increase in host immune response against the intracellular pathogen, L. donovani.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Activation Of Mapk In Immune Metabolic Alteration In L Donovani Infected Balb/c Derived Macrophages By Nos-2mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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