“…1,2 Bisphosphonates are the main therapeutic intervention for the treatment of confirmed diagnosis of osteoporosis in both men and postmenopausal women, with additional indications for other diseases. 3,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Bisphosphonates have been shown to induce improvement of bone mineral density, suppression of osseous turnover and a real time reduction of fracture risk and morbidity. 12 However, bisphosphonates have been associated with some rare and severe adverse effects, such as atypical femur fractures, 3,4,9,10,13 other atypical fractures, 16 osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), 3,4,8,9,13,[17][18][19][20] an increased risk of aseptic osteonecrosis (AON), 8 atrial fibrillation, 4,9,10,13,21 esophageal and colon cancer, 4,9,10,22 bone and muscle pain, 4,9,13 irregular heartbeat, gastrointestinal intolerance, upper gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects, acute phase reaction, hypocalcemia, impaired fracture healing, renal complications, electrolyte imbalance, and ocular inflammation.…”