Oral consequences of obesity and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents

Abstract

Nowadays, the epidemic of obesity and metabolic syndrome can be observed not only among adults, but also amid the younger population, with more than 380 million children and adolescents worldwide being affected by these phenomena. Obesity is considered a systemic chronic metabolic disease resulting from the imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified obesity as the most serious chronic disease, which, if untreated, leads to dangerous health problems (hypertension, heart failure, as well as kidney, nervous system and eye diseases). Recent scientific findings indicate a close relationship between obesity/metabolic syndrome and changes in the oral environment in children and adolescents. Obesity significantly increases the incidence of dental hard tissue diseases, periodontal diseases and diseases of the stomatognathic system. It also affects the secretion activity of the salivary glands, which changes the quantitative and qualitative composition of unstimulated and stimulated saliva. It is believed that in the face of a growing epidemic of obesity in children and adolescents, dental practitioners should also participate in the systemic treatment and prevention in this group of patients.

A Case-Control Study of Salivary Redox Homeostasis in Hypertensive Children. Can Salivary Uric Acid be a Marker of Hypertension?

“…It is believed that reducing a patient's anxiety associated with the collection of the material for assays may encourage more frequent monitoring of health conditions and diagnosis of diseases at an early stage [16]. The clinical usefulness of biomarkers measured in saliva has been confirmed in children with diabetes and obesity [17][18][19] as well as in children with chronic kidney disease [16,20]. However, there are no reports on salivary redox biomarkers in children with hypertension.…”

Lipidomic profiling reveals distinct differences in plasma lipid composition in overweight or obese adolescent students

“…It is believed that adolescent and childhood obesity have reached epidemic levels [1], and about 17% of children are facing obesity problems in the United States [2]. The increased prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents has been observed in several countries, and weight gain is an independent predictor for metabolic syndrome development, although it is not seen in all obese individuals.…”

“…A high prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome can now be observed in both adults and young people. These phenomena affect 380 million children and adolescents worldwide [1]. Childhood obesity has a signi cant impact on both physical and psychological health [2].…”

Lipidomic Profiling Reveals Distinct Differences in Plasma Lipid Composition in Overweight or Obesity Adolescence Student

“…The prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome can now be observed in both adults and young people. These phenomena affect 380 million children and adolescents worldwide [1]. Childhood obesity have a signi cant impact on both physical and psychological health [2].…”

“…It is believed that adolescent and childhood obesity have reached epidemic levels [1], and about 17% children are facing obesity problem in the United States [2]. The increased prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents observed in several countries, as weight gain is an independent predictor for metabolic syndrome development although not seen in all obese individuals.…”