Oral contraceptives that contain ethinyl estradiol (0.035 mg) and cyproterone acetate (2 mg) inhibit leukocyte transmigration through endothelial cell monolayers

Hofbauer, Roland; Frass, Michael; Gmeiner, Bernhard; Salfinger, Heribert; Sälzer, H.; Kos, Thomas; Wagner, Oswald; Kapiotis, Stylianos; Kaye, Alan D.

doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(99)00325-8

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These interactions lead to a direct or indirect control of cellular activities such as adhesion, migration, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Together, this suggests that EE2 disrupted cell-cell and cell-matrix mechanisms by perturbing Rap1 signaling and ECM-receptor interaction, in agreement with previous in vitro studies [64]. In vivo data also suggest that estrogens can exert direct regulatory effects on endothelial cells by increasing surface expression of integrins and enhancing integrin-mediated signaling [65].…”

Section: Effects Of Ee2 On Mackerelsupporting

confidence: 88%

Transcriptomic analysis of short-term 17α-ethynylestradiol exposure in two Californian sentinel fish species sardine (Sardinops sagax) and mackerel (Scomber japonicus)

Renaud

Agarwal

Richards

et al. 2019

Environmental Pollution

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Section: Effects Of Ee2 On Mackerelsupporting

confidence: 88%

Transcriptomic analysis of short-term 17α-ethynylestradiol exposure in two Californian sentinel fish species sardine (Sardinops sagax) and mackerel (Scomber japonicus)

Renaud

Agarwal

Richards

et al. 2019

Environmental Pollution

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“…Previous work has shown that cortisol levels are higher in OC users vs. nonusers and are also increased during healthy pregnancy (34). In addition, in vitro exposure to synthetic estrogen and progestin reduces leukocyte transmigration through endothelial cells (23). Thus the higher resting neutrophil counts observed in OC users may be a result of higher circulating cortisol concentrations (12) or a direct effect of synthetic hormones inhibiting their exit from the peripheral circulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of gender, menstrual phase, and oral contraceptive use on immunological changes in response to prolonged cycling

Timmons

Hamadeh²,

Devries³

et al. 2005

Journal of Applied Physiology

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This study determined the influence of gender, menstrual phase (MP), and oral contraceptive (OC) use on immunological changes in response to endurance exercise. Twelve women and 11 men similar in age, aerobic power, and activity level cycled for 90 min at 65% maximal aerobic power. Women were OC users (n = 6) or nonusers (NOC) and cycled during the follicular (Fol) and the luteal (Lut) phases. Venous blood was collected before and after exercise to determine leukocyte counts, IL-6 concentrations, and cortisol. Higher resting levels of neutrophils (approximately 1.5-fold) and cortisol (approximately 2.5-fold) were found in OC vs. NOC and men. Exercise-induced immune cell count and IL-6 changes were similar between men and NOC, except for an approximately 38% greater lymphocyte response in NOC vs. men (P = 0.07). Neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte responses to exercise during Lut in OC were greater than during Fol and also greater than the responses in men (P < or = 0.003). Changes in immune cell counts were consistently greater during Lut in OC vs. NOC, regardless of MP, but only neutrophil responses reached statistical significance (P = 0.01). The exercise-induced change in IL-6 was approximately 80% greater in NOC vs. OC during Fol (P = 0.06), but it was similar between these groups during Lut. Cortisol changes with exercise were not different between groups or MP. These results highlight the necessity to control for gender, and in particular OC use, when designing studies evaluating exercise and immunology.

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“…In summary, further study of oral estriol treatment is warranted in RR MS, either as a monotherapy or in combination with other established therapies that rely on immune deviation, such as glatiramer acetate4 or T‐cell receptor vaccination 30, 31. In addition to significantly decreased Th1 responses, other actions of estriol may be possible, such as other immune mechanisms,32 more direct actions on the blood–brain barrier,33 or effects on cells in the target organ such as microglia34 and neurons 35–38. Finally, if pregnancy doses of oral estriol prove to be of benefit in MS in larger trials, then its use in other putative Th11mediated autoimmune diseases with known improvement during pregnancy should be considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of multiple sclerosis with the pregnancy hormone estriol

Sicotte

Liva

Klutch

et al. 2002

Annals of Neurology

406

284

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Multiple sclerosis patients who become pregnant experience a significant decrease in relapses that may be mediated by a shift in immune responses from T helper 1 to T helper 2. Animal models of multiple sclerosis have shown that the pregnancy hormone, estriol, can ameliorate disease and can cause an immune shift. We treated nonpregnant female multiple sclerosis patients with the pregnancy hormone estriol in an attempt to recapitulate the beneficial effect of pregnancy. As compared with pretreatment baseline, relapsing remitting patients treated with oral estriol (8 mg/day) demonstrated significant decreases in delayed type hypersensitivity responses to tetanus, interferon-gamma levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and gadolinium enhancing lesion numbers and volumes on monthly cerebral magnetic resonance images. When estriol treatment was stopped, enhancing lesions increased to pretreatment levels. When estriol treatment was reinstituted, enhancing lesions again were significantly decreased. Based on these results, a larger, placebo-controlled trial of estriol is warranted in women with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. This novel treatment strategy of using pregnancy doses of estriol in multiple sclerosis has relevance to other autoimmune diseases that also improve during pregnancy.

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Oral contraceptives that contain ethinyl estradiol (0.035 mg) and cyproterone acetate (2 mg) inhibit leukocyte transmigration through endothelial cell monolayers

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Transcriptomic analysis of short-term 17α-ethynylestradiol exposure in two Californian sentinel fish species sardine (Sardinops sagax) and mackerel (Scomber japonicus)

Transcriptomic analysis of short-term 17α-ethynylestradiol exposure in two Californian sentinel fish species sardine (Sardinops sagax) and mackerel (Scomber japonicus)

Influence of gender, menstrual phase, and oral contraceptive use on immunological changes in response to prolonged cycling

Treatment of multiple sclerosis with the pregnancy hormone estriol

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