Ordinal judgments of depth in monocularly- and stereoscopically-viewed photographs of complex natural scenes

Hornsey, Rebecca L.; Hibbard, Paul B.; Scarfe, Peter

doi:10.1109/ic3d.2015.7391812

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The findings of the current study are consistent with prior research into the contribution of stereoscopic viewing: the binocular cues added when viewing a scene stereoscopically can improve sensitivity to depth (Hornsey et al 2015). It has been concluded that binocular disparity provides complimentary depth information to the monocular pictorial cues.…”

Section: Bias and Precisionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Contributions of pictorial and binocular cues to the perception of distance in virtual reality

Hornsey

Hibbard

2021

Virtual Reality

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We assessed the contribution of binocular disparity and the pictorial cues of linear perspective, texture, and scene clutter to the perception of distance in consumer virtual reality. As additional cues are made available, distance perception is predicted to improve, as measured by a reduction in systematic bias, and an increase in precision. We assessed (1) whether space is nonlinearly distorted; (2) the degree of size constancy across changes in distance; and (3) the weighting of pictorial versus binocular cues in VR. In the first task, participants positioned two spheres so as to divide the egocentric distance to a reference stimulus (presented between 3 and 11 m) into three equal thirds. In the second and third tasks, participants set the size of a sphere, presented at the same distances and at eye-height, to match that of a hand-held football. Each task was performed in four environments varying in the available cues. We measured accuracy by identifying systematic biases in responses and precision as the standard deviation of these responses. While there was no evidence of nonlinear compression of space, participants did tend to underestimate distance linearly, but this bias was reduced with the addition of each cue. The addition of binocular cues, when rich pictorial cues were already available, reduced both the bias and variability of estimates. These results show that linear perspective and binocular cues, in particular, improve the accuracy and precision of distance estimates in virtual reality across a range of distances typical of many indoor environments.

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Section: Bias and Precisionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Contributions of pictorial and binocular cues to the perception of distance in virtual reality

Hornsey

Hibbard

2021

Virtual Reality

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“…Here, we argue that the depth component in turn needs to be carefully separated into multiple dimensions, including magnitude and realism. Techniques for the measurement of the magnitude and veridicality of depth are well developed (Koenderink, 1998 ) and have been successfully applied to stereoscopic displays (Doorschot, Kappers, & Koenderink, 2001 ; Hornsey, Hibbard, & Scarfe, 2015 ). We have shown here that participants are clearly able to distinguish between magnitude and realism judgments of depth when making more subjective assessments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnitude, precision, and realism of depth perception in stereoscopic vision

2017

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Our perception of depth is substantially enhanced by the fact that we have binocular vision. This provides us with more precise and accurate estimates of depth and an improved qualitative appreciation of the three-dimensional (3D) shapes and positions of objects. We assessed the link between these quantitative and qualitative aspects of 3D vision. Specifically, we wished to determine whether the realism of apparent depth from binocular cues is associated with the magnitude or precision of perceived depth and the degree of binocular fusion. We presented participants with stereograms containing randomly positioned circles and measured how the magnitude, realism, and precision of depth perception varied with the size of the disparities presented. We found that as the size of the disparity increased, the magnitude of perceived depth increased, while the precision with which observers could make depth discrimination judgments decreased. Beyond an initial increase, depth realism decreased with increasing disparity magnitude. This decrease occurred well below the disparity limit required to ensure comfortable viewing.

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“…Third, some try to suggest that these distortions are a way of the visual system conveying how reliable our metric scene estimates are [292]. But this is not supported by the data [293].…”

Section: Human Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Approaches to 3D Vision

Linton

Morgan

Read

et al. 2022

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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New approaches to 3D vision are enabling new advances in artificial intelligence and autonomous vehicles, a better understanding of how animals navigate the 3D world, and new insights into human perception in virtual and augmented reality. Whilst traditional approaches to 3D vision in computer vision (SLAM: simultaneous localization and mapping), animal navigation (cognitive maps), and human vision (optimal cue integration) start from the assumption that the aim of 3D vision is to provide an accurate 3D model of the world, the new approaches to 3D vision explored in this issue challenge this assumption. Instead, they investigate the possibility that computer vision, animal navigation, and human vision can rely on partial or distorted models or no model at all. This issue also highlights the implications for artificial intelligence, autonomous vehicles, human perception in virtual and augmented reality, and the treatment of visual disorders, all of which are explored by individual articles. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘New approaches to 3D vision’.

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Ordinal judgments of depth in monocularly- and stereoscopically-viewed photographs of complex natural scenes

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Contributions of pictorial and binocular cues to the perception of distance in virtual reality

Contributions of pictorial and binocular cues to the perception of distance in virtual reality

Magnitude, precision, and realism of depth perception in stereoscopic vision

New Approaches to 3D Vision

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