Organic light-emitting devices with extended operating lifetimes on plastic substrates

Weaver, Michael S.; Michalski, Ł.; Rajan, Kamala; Rothman, M.; Silvernail, Jeff; Brown, Julie J.; Burrows, P. E.; Graff, Gordon L.; Gross, M.; Martin, Peter M.; Hall, Maurice C.; Mast, Eric S.; Bonham, Charles C.; Bennett, Wendy D.; Zumhoff, Mac R.

doi:10.1063/1.1514831

Cited by 297 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…4,5 Because the moisture permeation properties of a single layer barrier are eventually limited by the defect density of the layer, 6 the deposition of multilayer structures is expected to be the path towards the WVTR requirements mentioned above. [7][8][9] The multilayer structures will become most effective when the individual layers themselves have excellent permeation properties.…”

Section: Plasma-assisted Atomic Layer Deposition Of Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 moisture permeation barriers on polymers

Langereis

Creatore

Heil

et al. 2006

Applied Physics Letters

266

157

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Thin Al2O3 films of different thicknesses (10–40nm) were deposited by plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition on substrates of poly(2,6-ethylenenaphthalate) (PEN), and the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) values were measured by means of the calcium test. The permeation barrier properties improved with decreasing substrate temperature and a good WVTR of 5×10−3gm−2day−1 (WVTRPEN=0.5gm−2day−1) was measured for a 20nm thick Al2O3 film deposited at room temperature using short purging times. Such ultrathin, low-temperature deposited, high-quality moisture permeation barriers are an essential requirement for the implementation of polymeric substrates in flexible electronic and display applications.

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Section: Plasma-assisted Atomic Layer Deposition Of Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 moisture permeation barriers on polymers

Langereis

Creatore

Heil

et al. 2006

Applied Physics Letters

266

157

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] However, the short lifetime is still a critical factor, which greatly limits the industrialization of OLEDs. The organic materials in the light-emitting layer are susceptible to be damaged under air.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5 Additionally, the electrode materials may be negatively affected by oxidation. 6,8 In that case, the evolution of "dark spots" was identified as the principal degradation mechanism. Operating OLEDs in air resulted in a vast majority of loss of electroluminescent (EL) intensity in incipient several hours.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Passivation Properties of UV-Curable Polymer for Organic Light Emitting Diodes

Yang

Duan

et al. 2013

ECS Solid State Letters

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We found using UV-curable polymer (NOA63 from Norland Optics) film as a passivation layer, which was very simple and convenient to perform, could provide a temporary barrier for the organic light emitting devices (OLEDs). The NOA63 protective layer significantly restricted the moisture that penetrated into the OLEDs, but did not affect its luminescent characteristics. The decay time of device reaching 70% initial luminance was 1860 min, 6.8 folds longer than that of device without encapsulation. The effective water vapor transmission rate achieved 0.031 g/m 2 /day at 20 • C and 50% relative humidity condition. © 2013 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.007309ssl] All rights reserved. Extensive attention has been paid to organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) due to their possible use in a wide range of display and lighting applications.1-9 However, the short lifetime is still a critical factor, which greatly limits the industrialization of OLEDs. The organic materials in the light-emitting layer are susceptible to be damaged under air. 4,5 Additionally, the electrode materials may be negatively affected by oxidation. 6,8 In that case, the evolution of "dark spots" was identified as the principal degradation mechanism. Operating OLEDs in air resulted in a vast majority of loss of electroluminescent (EL) intensity in incipient several hours.10 Therefore, there is a significant demand for techniques that are able to preserve device characteristics for air-sensitive devices during fabrication and testing. Especially for laboratory aim, such as shipping incomplete samples and testing, do not often require the extended lifetimes that commercial products demand. In this study, we reported a solution that is accessible to R&D groups to be able to preserve device characteristics during storage and shipping time. The protection layer was UV-curable polymer (NOA63 from Norland Optics) film formed by using a simple spin coating method. This method does not damage the luminescent characteristics of devices, and has no need of any vacuum or heating process and can be potential utilized for elementary encapsulation. Of the OLEDs Experiments NOA63 is a clear, colorless and liquid photopolymer that crosslinked when exposed to ultraviolet light. The solid NOA63 has excellent optical and strong mechanical properties, most commonly used as nanometer-scale contact printing and imprint lithography, 11 or a template-stripping photopolymer substrate. 12 Here, we will propose another NOA63 application as a passivation layer for OLEDs thin film encapsulation (TFE). This TFE method using generally spincoating technology to present a straightforward approach to handling air-sensitive OLEDs for laboratory storage and shipping.To investigate the influence of the NOA63 fabrication process on the Current density-Voltage-Luminance characteristics (I-V-L) of the OLEDs, glass-based small molecular OLEDs were fabricated. As shown in Fig. 1, patterned indium-tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrates with the sheet resistance of 10 / was clea...

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“…116,119 Due to the high sensitivity of organic materials such as polymers, organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are normally encapsulated by a thin protective oxide layer which protects them from oxidative species such as water and oxygen. 120,121,122 Various oxide layers such as In2O3, SnO2, ZnO, and their mixtures, 123 and other oxide thin films including Al2O3 124 or ZrO2, 125 and their combination in the form of Al2O3/ZrO2 multilayer structures, 126,127 have been adopted as TCOs and studied for the protection of such organic devices.…”

Section: Current Status 1231 Microelectronic (Dram and Cmos) Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that different conditions could also enhance morphology changes for DC sputtered Ru films (for instance, higher sputter gas pressures can induce columnar growth in Ru), 141 but in the study by Shin et al, 140 the conditions were chosen such that smooth Ru films (~0.11 nm RMS roughness) were obtained using DC sputtering. However, even though several CVD studies have produced smoother Ru films, 142,143,144 the RMS roughness was still larger in most cases than by DC sputtering, and the substrate temperature during deposition could not be lower than ~150°C for Ru nucleation, which is often problematic for flexible electronic devices such as OPV or OLEDs, due to the possible degradation of their organic substrates, 120,121,122 or for EUVL optics, due to Mo/Si intermixing. 145 In addition, for this last application, since EUVL optics consist of large, heavily curved mirrors, there is a necessity of lateral thickness profiles, which cannot be achieved by chemical deposition techniques that produce conformal coatings, and only physical methods such as PVD can provide a thickness gradient along the mirror surface, by means of masking or velocity profiles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and thermal oxidation of Ru and ZrO2 thin films as oxidation protective layers

Ribera¹

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Organic light-emitting devices with extended operating lifetimes on plastic substrates

Cited by 297 publications

References 14 publications

Plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 moisture permeation barriers on polymers

Plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 moisture permeation barriers on polymers

Passivation Properties of UV-Curable Polymer for Organic Light Emitting Diodes

Growth and thermal oxidation of Ru and ZrO2 thin films as oxidation protective layers

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