Organization of circadian functions: interaction with the body

Buijs, Ruud M.; Scheer, Frank A.J.L.; Kreier, Felix; Yi, Chun-Xia; Bos, N. P. A.; Goncharuk, Valeri D.; Kalsbeek, Andries

doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(06)53020-1

Cited by 162 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Serotonin modulates the effects of photic input in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The SCN imposes a circadian rhythm by affecting hormonal and autonomic output (reviewed by Buijs et al [40]). Serotonin release in the SCN is highest during waking and activity [41].…”

Section: Methodsological Explanations For Inconsistent Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonin transporter binding with [123I]β-CIT SPECT in major depressive disorder versus controls: effect of season and gender

Ruhé

Booij

Reitsma

et al. 2009

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging

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Purpose The serotonin system is undoubtedly involved in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). More specifically the serotonin transporter (SERT) serves as a major target for antidepressant drugs. There are conflicting results about SERT availability in depressed patients versus healthy controls. We aimed to measure SERT availability and study the effects of age, gender and season of scanning in MDD patients in comparison to healthy controls. Methods We included 49 depressed outpatients (mean±SD 42.3±8.3 years) with a Hamilton depression rating scale score above 18, who were drug-naive or drug-free for ≥4 weeks, and 49 healthy controls matched for age (±2 years) and sex. Subjects were scanned with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using [ 123 I]β-CIT. SERT availability was expressed as specific to nonspecific binding ratios (BP ND ) in the midbrain and diencephalon with cerebellar binding as a reference. Results In crude comparisons between patients and controls, we found no significant differences in midbrain or diencephalon SERT availability. In subgroup analyses, depressed males had numerically lower midbrain SERT availability than controls, whereas among women SERT availability was not different (significant diagnosis×gender interaction; p=0.048). In the diencephalon we found a comparable diagnosis×gender interaction (p=0.002) and an additional smoking×gender (p=0.036) interaction. In the midbrain the season of scanning showed a significant main effect (p=0.018) with higher SERT availability in winter. Conclusion Differences in SERT availability in the midbrain and diencephalon in MDD patients compared with healthy subjects are affected by gender. The season of scanning is a covariate in the midbrain. The diagnosis×gender and gender×smoking interactions in SERT availability should be considered in future studies of the pathogenesis of MDD.

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Section: Methodsological Explanations For Inconsistent Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonin transporter binding with [123I]β-CIT SPECT in major depressive disorder versus controls: effect of season and gender

Ruhé

Booij

Reitsma

et al. 2009

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging

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“…Circadian rhythms have been documented for steroid hormone levels [26,105], autonomic nervous system activity [27], and drug absorption [36]. These rhythms may be altered by menstrual cycle rhythms in women.…”

Section: Testing Across the Menstrual Cycle And Reproductive Stagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, it is important to record dysmenorrheal status, as dysmenorrheic women may differ from those without dysmenorrhea in their responses to (non-menstrual) pain stimuli, especially during the perimenstrual period (e.g., [15,75]). Circadian rhythms have been documented for steroid hormone levels [26,105], autonomic nervous system activity [27], and drug absorption [36]. These rhythms may be altered by menstrual cycle rhythms in women.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia: A consensus report

Greenspan

Craft

LeResche

et al. 2007

Pain

870

633

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In September 2006, members of the Sex, Gender and Pain Special Interest Group of the International Association for the Study of Pain met to discuss the following: (1) what is known about sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia; (2) what are the "best practice" guidelines for pain research with respect to sex and gender; and (3) what are the crucial questions to address in the near future? The resulting consensus presented herein includes input from basic science, clinical and psychosocial pain researchers, as well as from recognized experts in sexual differentiation and reproductive endocrinology. We intend this document to serve as a utilitarian and thought-provoking guide for future research on sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia, both for those currently working in this field as well as those still wondering, "Do I really need to study females?" Keywords Sex differences; Gonadal hormones; Estrogens The case for studying sex and gender differences in pain and analgesiaThe pain field has moved from debating whether sex differences in pain exist to recognizing the importance of these differences. Attention is now directed toward understanding (1) what conditions lead to the expression of sex and gender differences in pain experience and reactivity, (2) what mechanisms underlie these differences, and (3) how these differences can inform clinical management of pain.As noted in a recent review, at least 79% of animal studies published in Pain over the preceding 10 years included male subjects only, with a mere 8% of studies on females only, and another 4% explicitly designed to test for sex differences (the rest did not specify) [142]. Given the substantially greater prevalence of many clinical pain conditions in women vs. men [20,199], and growing evidence for sex differences in sensitivity to experimental pain and to analgesics [21,41,213], we recommend that all pain researchers consider testing their hypotheses in both sexes, or if restricted by practical considerations, only in females. It is invalid to assume that data obtained in male subjects will generalize to females, and the best non-human model of the modal human pain sufferer -a woman -is a female animal. If only males are examined in a given study, it is important that a rationale for exclusion of females be provided and that the potential limitation in generalizability of the findings be addressed in the discussion, particularly when examining a pain phenomenon that occurs with greater prevalence or severity in females. In both preclinical and clinical studies, a comparison of both sexes will further our understanding of individual differences in sensitivity to pain and analgesia, thus improving our ability to treat and prevent pain in all people. General considerationsTwo issues of terminology are important. First, the term "sex" refers to biologically based differences, while the term "gender" refers to socially based phenomena. Although biological sex exerts a major influence on one's gender identity, sex and gender a...

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“…In particular, the mPOA receives, directly or indirectly, inputs from most if not all sensory modalities and is therefore ideally organized to integrate information from the environment and adjust responses made by the organism to environmental inputs [43,44,80,94,100,123,126,130,135]. The mPOA, in general, is a key center controlling many autonomic functions (e.g.…”

Section: The Preoptic Area As An Integration Center For the Control Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Topography in the preoptic region: Differential regulation of appetitive and consummatory male sexual behaviors

Balthazart

Ball

2007

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

193

168

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Several studies have suggested dissociations between neural circuits underlying the expression of appetitive (i.e. sexual motivation) and consummatory components (i.e., copulatory behavior) of vertebrate male sexual behavior. The medial preoptic area (mPOA) clearly controls the expression of male copulation but, according to a number of experiments, is not necessarily implicated in the expression of appetitive sexual behavior. In rats for example, lesions to the mPOA eliminate maletypical copulatory behavior but have more subtle or no obvious effects on measures of sexual motivation. Rats with such lesions still pursue and attempt to mount females. They also acquire and perform learned instrumental responses to gain access to females. However, recent lesions studies and measures of the expression of the immediate early gene c-fos demonstrate that, in quail, subregions of the mPOA, in particular of its sexually dimorphic component the medial preoptic nucleus, can be specifically linked with either the expression of appetitive or consummatory sexual behavior. In particular more rostral regions can be linked to appetitive components while more caudal regions are involved in consummatory behavior. This functional sub-region variation is associated with neurochemical and hodological specializations (i.e. differences in chemical phenotype of the cells or in their connectivity), especially those related to the actions of androgens in relation to the activation of male sexual behavior, that are also present in rodents and other species. It could thus reflect general principles about POA organization and function in the vertebrate brain.

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Organization of circadian functions: interaction with the body

Cited by 162 publications

References 93 publications

Serotonin transporter binding with [123I]β-CIT SPECT in major depressive disorder versus controls: effect of season and gender

Serotonin transporter binding with [123I]β-CIT SPECT in major depressive disorder versus controls: effect of season and gender

Studying sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia: A consensus report

Topography in the preoptic region: Differential regulation of appetitive and consummatory male sexual behaviors

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