Organoaqueous calcium chloride electrolytes for capacitive charge storage in carbon nanotubes at sub-zero-temperatures

Gao, Yun; Qin, Zhanbin; Guan, Li; Wang, Xiaomian

doi:10.1039/c5cc03048j

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…At this juncture, the ion transport could be favorable for effective double layer formation . As a result, the specific capacitance of the device increases with the concentration, which is in agreement with earlier reports …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Microwave Synthesis of Zinc Ammonium Phosphate/Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrid Composite for High Energy Density Supercapacitors

Raja

Vickraman

Simon

et al. 2019

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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Herein, zinc ammonium phosphate (ZAP) is interluded with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a composite (ZAPG2) via microwave synthesis route. The ZAPG2 is investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical studies (cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge discharge, and impedance). The Raman analysis confirms the graphitization of rGO in the ZAP, and XPS confirms the elemental composition. The SEM morphology reveals that rGO spreads over the micropyramidal envelope of ZAP. The ZAPG2//rGO device delivers a higher specific capacitance of 356 F g−1 for 5 m than in 3 m H2SO4 (133.7 F g−1) electrolyte at a current density of 1 A g−1 within the potential window of 1.8 V. The cyclic stability of 86.1% for 3 m and 66.6% for 5 m are noted for 5000 charge–discharge cycles. ZAPG2//rGO combination is the first attempt at facilitating better specific capacitances on device performance. This parallels in energy density, as 59.9 W h kg−1 in 3 m and 153.4 W h kg−1 in 5 m driving for the same power density of 448.3 W kg−1 at 1 A g−1, which suggests the hybrid composite device's practicality for high‐energy supercapacitor applications.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Microwave Synthesis of Zinc Ammonium Phosphate/Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrid Composite for High Energy Density Supercapacitors

Raja

Vickraman

Simon

et al. 2019

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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“…A recent study on using the organoaqueous solutions of chloride salts, e.g. CaCl2 and KCl, has revealed promising results, decreasing the working temperature of CNTs and carbon electrodes to below ─60 o C. 47 This achievement may be explained by the unique affinity between Ca 2+ ions and the oxy-groups on the surfaces of carbon nanotubes or activated carbon.…”

Section: Aqueous Supercapacitors and Supercapatteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage

Xia

et al. 2017

Mater. Chem. Front.

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234

116

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A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.For more information, please contact eprints@nottingham.ac.uk Journal NameThis journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 20xxJ. Name., 2013, 00, 1-3 | 1 Electrolyte is a key component of electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices and its properties greatly affect the energy capacity, rate performance, cyclability and safety of all EES devices. This article offers a critical review of recent progresses and challenges in electrolyte research and development particularly for supercapacitors and supercapatteries, recharegable batteries (such as lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries), and redox flow batteries (including fuel cells in a broad sense). The review will focus on liquid electrolytes, particularly aqueous and organic electrolytes, ionic liquids and molten salts. Influences of electrolyte properties on the performances of different EES devices are discussed in detail.

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“…39 Since the temperature of the interstellar medium (ISM) is supposed to be below 110 K, eutectic aqueous mixture of formamide cannot play important role at the interstellar conditions (as the eutectic temperature, corresponding to 60 mol% formamide, is 227.85 K). 40 High energy particles (e.g., cosmic ray, solar wind), heat, electromagnetic radiation, and radioactive decay continuously interact with simple chemical precursors, such as formamide, to yield new complex derivatives. If the activated molecule can interact with the proper reactant, then amino acids, nucleobases, sugars, lipids, and carboxylic acids can emerge as very easily synthesizable molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of Formamide at the Surface of Amorphous and Crystalline Ices under Interstellar and Tropospheric Conditions. A Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulation Study

et al. 2019

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The adsorption of formamide is studied both at the surface of crystalline (Ih) ice at 200 K and at the surface of low density amorphous (LDA) ice in the temperature range of 50-200 K by grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation. These systems are characteristic to the upper troposphere and to the interstellar medium (ISM), respectively. Our results reveal that, while no considerable amount of formamide is dissolved in the bulk ice phase in any case, the adsorption of formamide at the ice surface under these conditions is a very strongly preferred process, which has to be taken into account when studying the chemical reactivity in these environments. The adsorption is found to lead to the formation of multimolecular adsorption layer, the occurrence of which somewhat precedes the saturation of the first molecular layer. Due to the strong lateral interaction acting between the adsorbed formamide molecules, the adsorption isotherm does not follow the Langmuir shape.Adsorption is found to be slightly stronger on LDA than Ih ice under identical thermodynamic conditions, due to the larger surface area exposed to the adsorption. Indeed, the monomolecular adsorption capacity of the LDA and Ih ice surfaces is found to be 10.5 ± 0.7 mol/m 2 and 9.4 mol/m 2 , respectively. The first layer formamide molecules are very strongly bound to the ice surface, forming typically four hydrogen bonds with each other and the surface water molecules. The heat of adsorption at infinitely low surface coverage is found to be -105.6 kJ/mol on Ih ice at 200 K.3

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Organoaqueous calcium chloride electrolytes for capacitive charge storage in carbon nanotubes at sub-zero-temperatures

Abstract: Solutions of calcium chloride in mixed water and formamide are excellent electrolytes for capacitive charge storage in partially oxidised carbon nanotubes at unprecedented sub-zero-temperatures (e.g. 67% capacitance retention at -60 °C).

Cited by 29 publications

References 26 publications

Microwave Synthesis of Zinc Ammonium Phosphate/Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrid Composite for High Energy Density Supercapacitors

Microwave Synthesis of Zinc Ammonium Phosphate/Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrid Composite for High Energy Density Supercapacitors

Electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage

Adsorption of Formamide at the Surface of Amorphous and Crystalline Ices under Interstellar and Tropospheric Conditions. A Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulation Study

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