Organometal Halide Perovskites as Visible-Light Sensitizers for Photovoltaic Cells

Abstract

Two organolead halide perovskite nanocrystals, CH(3)NH(3)PbBr(3) and CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3), were found to efficiently sensitize TiO(2) for visible-light conversion in photoelectrochemical cells. When self-assembled on mesoporous TiO(2) films, the nanocrystalline perovskites exhibit strong band-gap absorptions as semiconductors. The CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3)-based photocell with spectral sensitivity of up to 800 nm yielded a solar energy conversion efficiency of 3.8%. The CH(3)NH(3)PbBr(3)-based cell showed a high photovoltage of 0.96 V with an external quantum conversion efficiency of 65%.

Recent Progress on the Long‐Term Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells

“…In general, the perovskite precursor solution is prepared by mixing MAX and PbX 2 (X: I − , Br − , Cl − ) in γ‐butyrolactone (GBL), DMF, or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to a clear solution 12, 15. This precursor solution is spin‐coated on the substrate and then postdeposition annealed at 100–150 °C to complete the transformation of perovskite crystal films ( Figure 5 ).…”

“…Kim and co‐workers investigated solid‐state PVSCs using a thick TiO 2 scaffold and a solid‐state HTL called spiro‐OMeTAD on top of the perovskite layer instead of the liquid electrolyte in 2009 to achieve good performance of PVSCs for the first time 12. Then a 9.7% PCE was obtained for CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 absorber and a mesoporous TiO 2 scaffold with the long‐term stability of PVSCs remarkably improved for over 500 h 21.…”

“…Furthermore, low‐cost, environment‐friendly new solar cells become the focus of widespread concern. Among all the PV technologies, the perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have attracted much attention3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and considered to be a major discovery in the field of photovoltaics 12. The current highest certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PVSCs has reached 22.1% 13…”

Lead‐Free Hybrid Perovskite Absorbers for Viable Application: Can We Eat the Cake and Have It too?

“…Among the new energy solutions, photovoltaic (PV) technology, which converts solar energy into electricity directly, is a promising approach to get sustainable clean energy safely. As one of the third‐generation PV technologies, hybrid halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) emerged since Miyasaka and co‐workers1 incorporated MAPbX 3 (X = I, Br) as sensitizers into dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), achieving a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.8% in 2009. After numerous research endeavors in the past eight years, the PCEs of PSCs rapidly improved to 22.1% 2.…”

Aqueous‐Containing Precursor Solutions for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

“…The efficiency of perovskite solar cells has rapidly risen from 3.8% to over 22.1% just within the past several years 10, 11. Despite these many advantages, perovskite solar cells still need to overcome several shortcomings before they can be deployed commercially.…”