Organosilicon compounds with various active groups as consolidants for the preservation of waterlogged archaeological wood

Broda, Magdalena; Mazela, Bartłomiej; Dutkiewicz, Agnieszka

doi:10.1016/j.culher.2018.06.006

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…They have also proved to penetrate and bulk the cell wall, forming a three-dimensional network of polysiloxane and wood polymers which improves dimensional wood stability [8,13,18]. Therefore, they were also tried for archaeological waterlogged wood conservation, and some of them proved effective in stabilisation of wood dimensions upon drying, which is one of the most crucial issues related to conservation of this type of wood [19][20][21][22]. However, the method still requires further study, e.g., on the mechanical properties of the treated wood, the influence of the chemicals on wood colour, gloss and texture, or their long-term effect on wood before it could be proposed as a reliable conservation method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Different Organosilicons and Archaeological Waterlogged Wood Evaluated by Infrared Spectroscopy

Popescu

Broda

2021

Forests

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The goal of the study was to characterise chemical interactions between waterlogged archaeological wood and organosilicon compounds applied for its conservation to shed lights on the mechanism of wood dimensional stabilisation by the chemicals. Two alkoxysilanes (methyltrimethoxysilane and (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane) and a siloxane (1,3-bis(diethylamino)-3-propoxypropanol)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane) were selected for the research since they already have been proven to effectively stabilise waterlogged wood upon drying. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used for structural characterisation of the degraded wood and evaluation of reactivity of the applied chemicals with polymers in the wooden cell wall. The results obtained clearly show much stronger interactions in the case of alkoxysilanes than the siloxane, suggesting a different mechanism of wood stabilisation by these compounds. The results of this study together with other data obtained in our previous research on stabilisation of waterlogged archaeological wood with organosilicon compounds allow the conclusion that the mechanism of waterlogged wood stabilisation by the used alkoxysilanes is based on bulking the cell wall by silane molecules and wood chemical modification, while in the case of the applied siloxane, it builds upon filling the cell lumina.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Different Organosilicons and Archaeological Waterlogged Wood Evaluated by Infrared Spectroscopy

Popescu

Broda

2021

Forests

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“…Recent research has proven in situ polymerization of isoeugenol is a green and promising method for waterlogged archaeological wood with potential retreatability 7 , while many oligomers were generated in solution, reducing the efficiency. A variety of organosilicon compounds, including methyltrimethoxysilane, Octyltriethoxysilane, (3-Mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane, etc., also shows promising results for waterlogged archaeological wood consolidation 8–10 . However, the presence of water will reduce the consolidation effect of organosilicon compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…To avoid this, the polymerization process should be restricted to the remaining cell walls, which will leave very few free polymers present in cell lumens and thus the voids can be left largely unaltered to allow future retreatments. In recent research, in situ polymerization of isoeugenol initiated by HRP 7 and organosilicon compounds treatments 8–10 have achieved such a result. But we still hope to explore more methods through different polymerization strategies so that more options are available in the future research and practices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

High retreatability and dimensional stability of polymer grafted waterlogged archaeological wood achieved by ARGET ATRP

Zhou

Wang

2019

Sci Rep

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To explore new methods to maintain the dimensional stability of waterlogged archaeological wood after drying and keep the natural cell lumens unaltered for future retreatments, activator regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is employed to consolidate archaeological wood. To prepare the ATRP process, the waterlogged archaeological wood samples ( Pinus massoniana with maximum moisture content of around 529%) were first modified by 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide in CH 2 Cl 2 to acquire C-Br bonds as initiators. Then, butyl methacrylate or styrene was polymerized to the remaining cell walls with catalyst (CuBr 2 ), reductant (ascorbic acid) and ligand (PMDETA) in ethanol. After the treatment, the samples were washed and naturally dried. The results characterized by microscopy showed that the polymerization only took place within the remaining cell walls, showing no sign of collapse or distortion after air drying, and all natural cell lumens could be retained for future retreatments. Also, anti-shrinkage efficiencies as high as 87.8% for the wood sample grafted with polystyrene and 98.5% for the wood sample grafted with polybutylmethacrylate were obtained from the treatment described in this paper, indicating modification of grafting polymer through ARGET ATRP can help maintain the dimensional stability of water archaeological wood effectively.

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“…To further analyze the formation of Al-B-P and amphiprotic surfactant, the XRD patterns showed the crystalline and non-crystalline regions of the wood sample. It can be seen from Figure 4a that the three major diffraction peaks at the 2θ value of the untreated and treated wood appears around 16 • , 20 • , 22, and 33 • , respectively, corresponding to the (110), (200) and (300) diffraction plane of crystalline cellulose Iβ [46]. The diffraction peaks show a higher increase due to the deposited particles (Al and B), which have not destroyed the crystalline structure of the cellulose on treating wood [47].…”

Section: Mechanical and Physical Properties Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Mesoporous Inorganic Al–B–P Amphiprotic Surfactant Material Resistances of Wood against Brown and White-Rot Fungi (Part 1)

Beaudelaire¹,

Zhuang²,

Aladejana³

et al. 2020

Coatings

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This study describes the application of aluminum sulfate Al2(SO4)3, boric acid H3BO3, phosphoric acid H3PO4 (Al–B–P) and amphiprotic surfactant material synthesis by the sol-gel process, which were adopted as novel precursors for wood modification. The efficacy of Al–B–P-treated wood was tested against Poria placenta and Coriolus versicolor. Untreated wood samples had higher mass losses (>40%) compared to the treated sample, which had the lowest wood mass losses (of 4%) against P. placenta and C. versicolor. To analyze the reaction mechanism of Al–B–P wood, the mechanical properties, chemical structure, crystallinity, thermal analysis, binding energy and wettability was examined by modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. Scanning electron microscopy- energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) confirmed the wood colonization by fungi, and was used to identify the microstructures and morphologies changes that occurred in the cells during degradation by white and brown-rot fungi. At the same time, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to analyze the physical and chemical properties of the samples. Therefore, the study confirmed that Al–B–P and amphiprotic surfactant could replace the traditional wood preservative products, and have the potential to extend the service life of wood, particularly in soil contact and outdoor usage.

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Organosilicon compounds with various active groups as consolidants for the preservation of waterlogged archaeological wood

Cited by 36 publications

References 19 publications

Interactions between Different Organosilicons and Archaeological Waterlogged Wood Evaluated by Infrared Spectroscopy

Interactions between Different Organosilicons and Archaeological Waterlogged Wood Evaluated by Infrared Spectroscopy

High retreatability and dimensional stability of polymer grafted waterlogged archaeological wood achieved by ARGET ATRP

Influence of Mesoporous Inorganic Al–B–P Amphiprotic Surfactant Material Resistances of Wood against Brown and White-Rot Fungi (Part 1)

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