Origami and Kirigami Nanocomposites

Abstract

The arts of origami and kirigami inspired numerous examples of macroscale hierarchical structures with high degree of reconfigurability and multiple functionalities. Extension of kirigami and origami patterning to micro-, meso-, and nanoscales enabled production of nanocomposites with unusual combination of properties, transitioning these art forms to the toolbox of materials design. Various subtractive and additive fabrication techniques applicable to nanocomposites and out-of-plane deformation of patterns enable a technological framework to negotiate often contradictory structural requirements for materials properties. Additionally, the long-searched possibility of patterned composites/parts with highly predictable set of properties/functions emerged. In this review, we discuss foldable/stretchable composites with designed mechanical properties, as exemplified by the negative Poisson's ratio, as well as optical and electrical properties, as exemplified by the sheet conductance, photovoltage generation, and light diffraction. Reconfiguration achieved by extrinsic forces and/or intrinsic stresses enables a wide spectrum of technological applications including miniaturized biomedical tools, soft robotics, adaptive optics, and energy systems, extending the limits of both materials engineering concepts and technological innovation.

Recent advances in materials and flexible electronics for peripheral nerve interfaces

“…The performance of serpentine interconnects can be enhanced by including secondary structures such as nested elements and fractal geometries. Other strategies for increasing the extensibility of conductors include fabricating 3D structures using Kirigami or Miura folding Xu et al, 2017). Features that increase the extensibility of microfabricated conductors span multiple length scales, are largely complementary, and can be combined to preserve electronic properties under large strains.…”

Developable Rotationally Symmetric Kirigami‐Based Structures as Sensor Platforms

“…[8][9][10] Currently, tracking motion or deducing impact stresses is performed using camera motion tracking systems [11,12] or inertial measurement units (IMUs) that consist of an accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer, typically packaged in a rigid brace or integrated within a band or suit. [22][23][24][25] The addition of cutting allows for greater control over the geometric design and system behavior. [16][17][18][19][20][21] However, the sensing is based on stretching of the fibers, typically unidirectional and poorly suited for integration with substantially rigid electronic components that do not tolerate well to repeated mechanical deformation.…”

Assembly and Self‐Assembly of Nanomembrane Materials—From 2D to 3D

“…Inspired by ancient paper arts (e.g., origami and kirigami), researchers established concepts for realizing more complex 3D structures from nanomembranes . Origami, a word originating from Japanese, refers to folding (“ori‐”) of paper (“gami‐”), while kirigami, refers to cutting (“kiri‐”) of paper . Over 200 different 3D structures have been demonstrated by rolling, cutting, bending, and folding the nanomembranes .…”

“…With the development of this 3D self‐assembly technique, more devices with complex geometries and advantageous functions have been fabricated . Figure a demonstrates a 3D spiral inductor for near‐field communication as an example.…”