Origin of ethnic groups, linguistic families, and civilizations in China viewed from the Y chromosome

Yu, Xiaopeng; Li, Hui

doi:10.1007/s00438-021-01794-x

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…Indeed, comparative results in the descriptive analysis and qualitative measures in the f -statistics, as well as the fineSTRUCTURE-based finer-scale admixture evidence and corresponding admixture proportion from the putative ancestral sources, consistently showed that Guizhou Hans were mixed populations and shared excess ancestry with northern Hans and Henan late Neolithic to Iron Age ancient populations associated with Longshan culture and their dependents and also showed significant genetic differentiation with geographically close southern indigenes. Our findings were consistent with archeologically attested population history of ancient southwestern China, which has suggested that the main components of the southern indigenous people in Guizhou Province may be the direct descendants of prehistoric people associated with southwestern ancients linked with Pengtoushan, Gaomiao, Daxi, Qujialing, Shijiahe, and other cultures (Yu and Li, 2021). Thus, we could identify more southern East Asian ancestry related to Hanben, Hmong, or Tai-Kadai people in Guizhou minorities compared with Guizhou Hans.…”

Section: Genetic Origins Migration and Admixture History Of Guizhou Hanssupporting

confidence: 87%

Fine-Scale Genetic Structure and Natural Selection Signatures of Southwestern Hans Inferred From Patterns of Genome-Wide Allele, Haplotype, and Haplogroup Lineages

et al. 2021

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The evolutionary and admixture history of Han Chinese have been widely discussed via traditional autosomal and uniparental genetic markers [e.g., short tandem repeats, low-density single nucleotide polymorphisms). However, their fine-scale genetic landscapes (admixture scenarios and natural selection signatures) based on the high-density allele/haplotype sharing patterns have not been deeply characterized. Here, we collected and generated genome-wide data of 50 Han Chinese individuals from four populations in Guizhou Province, one of the most ethnolinguistically diverse regions, and merged it with over 3,000 publicly available modern and ancient Eurasians to describe the genetic origin and population admixture history of Guizhou Hans and their neighbors. PCA and ADMIXTURE results showed that the studied four populations were homogeneous and grouped closely to central East Asians. Genetic homogeneity within Guizhou populations was further confirmed via the observed strong genetic affinity with inland Hmong-Mien people through the observed genetic clade in Fst and outgroup f3/f4-statistics. qpGraph-based phylogenies and f4-based demographic models illuminated that Guizhou Hans were well fitted via the admixture of ancient Yellow River Millet farmers related to Lajia people and southern Yangtze River farmers related to Hanben people. Further ChromoPainter-based chromosome painting profiles and GLOBETROTTER-based admixture signatures confirmed the two best source matches for southwestern Hans, respectively, from northern Shaanxi Hans and southern indigenes with variable mixture proportions in the historical period. Further three-way admixture models revealed larger genetic contributions from coastal southern East Asians into Guizhou Hans compared with the proposed inland ancient source from mainland Southeast Asia. We also identified candidate loci (e.g., MTUS2, NOTCH4, EDAR, ADH1B, and ABCG2) with strong natural selection signatures in Guizhou Hans via iHS, nSL, and ihh, which were associated with the susceptibility of the multiple complex diseases, morphology formation, alcohol and lipid metabolism. Generally, we provided a case and ideal strategy to reconstruct the detailed demographic evolutionary history of Guizhou Hans, which provided new insights into the fine-scale genomic formation of one ethnolinguistically specific targeted population from the comprehensive perspectives of the shared unlinked alleles, linked haplotypes, and paternal and maternal lineages.

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Section: Genetic Origins Migration and Admixture History Of Guizhou Hanssupporting

confidence: 87%

Fine-Scale Genetic Structure and Natural Selection Signatures of Southwestern Hans Inferred From Patterns of Genome-Wide Allele, Haplotype, and Haplogroup Lineages

et al. 2021

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“…Historical records documented that portions of Southwest China were incorporated as unequivocal parts of greater China since at least the end of the third century BCE ( Herman, 2018 ), and this region was largely dominated and incorporated into the Chinese domain by the time of the Ming dynasty ( Harper, 2007 ). It has been suggested that the Nanman tribes were ancient indigenous people who inhabited in inland South and Southwest China ( Yu and Li, 2021 ). The Nanman referred to various ethnic groups and were probably the ancestors of some present-day HM, TK, and non-Sinitic Sino-Tibetan (ST) groups living in Southwest China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Insights Into the Population History and Biological Adaptation of Southwestern Chinese Hmong–Mien People

et al. 2022

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Hmong–Mien (HM) -speaking populations, widely distributed in South China, the north of Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam, have experienced different settlement environments, dietary habits, and pathogenic exposure. However, their specific biological adaptation remained largely uncharacterized, which is important in the population evolutionary genetics and Trans-Omics for regional Precision Medicine. Besides, the origin and genetic diversity of HM people and their phylogenetic relationship with surrounding modern and ancient populations are also unknown. Here, we reported genome-wide SNPs in 52 representative Miao people and combined them with 144 HM people from 13 geographically representative populations to characterize the full genetic admixture and adaptive landscape of HM speakers. We found that obvious genetic substructures existed in geographically different HM populations; one localized in the HM clines, and others possessed affinity with Han Chinese. We also identified one new ancestral lineage specifically existed in HM people, which spatially distributed from Sichuan and Guizhou in the north to Thailand in the south. The sharing patterns of the newly identified homogenous ancestry component combined the estimated admixture times via the decay of linkage disequilibrium and haplotype sharing in GLOBETROTTER suggested that the modern HM-speaking populations originated from Southwest China and migrated southward in the historic period, which is consistent with the reconstructed phenomena of linguistic and archeological documents. Additionally, we identified specific adaptive signatures associated with several important human nervous system biological functions. Our pilot work emphasized the importance of anthropologically informed sampling and deeply genetic structure reconstruction via whole-genome sequencing in the next step in the deep Chinese Population Genomic Diversity Project (CPGDP), especially in the regions with rich ethnolinguistic diversity.

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“…Thus, unlike Southwest and Coastal China, a third TFFB national grade in the Central region must be associated with the significant anthropogenetic-induced activities, starting from the appearance of the modern Chinese; Hongshan men in Anhui, Central China, led to most of the populations in China on a large scale approximately 5,300 years ago, the significant development of Chinese history and civilization ( Yu and Li, 2021 ); three capital cities (Luoyang, Kaifeng, and Anyang) among China’s top seven ancient capitals were allocated in Henan ( https://www.chinadiscovery.com/articles/top-7-ancient-capitals-of-china.html ). Unfortunately, this modern human civilization brought significant environmental and ecological devastation, echoed by degraded TFFB: The shared proportion for each group is lower than those of Coastal, Southwest, and Northwest ( Figure 2 B).…”

Section: R Esults and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional fauna-flora biodiversity and conservation strategy in China

Li¹,

Zhang²,

Huang³

et al. 2022

iScience

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Origin of ethnic groups, linguistic families, and civilizations in China viewed from the Y chromosome

Cited by 25 publications

References 120 publications

Fine-Scale Genetic Structure and Natural Selection Signatures of Southwestern Hans Inferred From Patterns of Genome-Wide Allele, Haplotype, and Haplogroup Lineages

Fine-Scale Genetic Structure and Natural Selection Signatures of Southwestern Hans Inferred From Patterns of Genome-Wide Allele, Haplotype, and Haplogroup Lineages

Genomic Insights Into the Population History and Biological Adaptation of Southwestern Chinese Hmong–Mien People

Regional fauna-flora biodiversity and conservation strategy in China

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