Orthogonal Double-pulse versus Single-pulse laser ablation at different air pressures: A comparison of the mass removal mechanisms

Optimal emission enhancement in orthogonal double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

“…The maximum SE from the pre-ablation configuration seems to be more independent of the ablative power density than the SE obtained in the reheating scheme. Besides, a linear correlation between the signal enhancement and the crater volume has also been found [28,39,40]; hence, an increase of emitting particles. Therefore, this SE can be attributed to environmental changes near the target produced by the first spark.…”

“…Therefore, this SE can be attributed to environmental changes near the target produced by the first spark. This plasma induced in the air just above the sample surface reduces the background gas density [16,40,41]. Thus, the vaporized material will expand to a larger volume at a faster rate than in normal atmospheric conditions, i.e.…”

Calibration-Free Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: State of the art

“…Very strong fluctuations can be expected for the signal emitted by these species. Double pulse is usually beneficial in this view, because it enhances the target ablation, reduces the number density of gas atoms in the plume and leads to an overall improvement of the reproducibility of the measurement [93].…”

Two-dimensional mapping of the electron density in laser-produced plasmas

“…This effect is strongest on the peak of the emission line, which results in the appearance of a dip at the center. However, the 466.3 nm Al line is not bound to the ground state of the atom and is known to have negligible self-absorption [34]. Moreover, the selfabsorption in a spectral line is indicated by a spectral dip at the peak intensity region [35].…”